Abstract
A core mode of governance in the era of neoliberalism is through the production of ‘entrepreneurial self’. This paper explores how the ‘entrepreneurial self’ is produced for 21 Chinese immigrant women in Canada. The women displayed extraordinary entrepreneurialism by investing in Canadian education. Becoming entrepreneurial, however, is more than an individualised ‘choice’. It is imbricated with the ideology of meritocracy cultivated in China, the ‘credential and certificate regime’ in Canada, and the gendered expectations in the host labour market and at home. Given the ideological confluence, and the material conditions the women lived, a feminized and racialized labour is reproduced.
Notes
1. This study entitled ‘Learning to be good citizens: Informal learning and the labour market experiences of professional Chinese immigrant women’ was funded by the Toronto Metropolis Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Settlement (CERIS) between 2005 and 2006. Dr Roxana Ng was the principal investigator. Dr Guida Man was the co-investigator. Research assistants and community contacts were Dr Willa Liu, Ms Peng, Dr Sandra Tam and Dr Hongxia Shan.
2. The second study entitled ‘Professional immigrant women navigating the Canadian labour market: A study in adult learning’ was funded by SSHRC [No.410-2006-1437]. Dr Roxana Ng was the principal investigator. Dr Tania Das Gupta, Dr. Guida Man and Dr. Kiran Mirchandani were the co-investigators. Research assistants included Dr Hijin Park, Dr. Willa Liu and Dr. Hongxia Shan.
3. Ten Indian women were interviewed in the study. Only interviews with Chinese women were included in the discussion of this paper.
4. All names used are pseudonyms to ensure anonymity of the research respondents.