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ABSTRACT
Considering high performance in PISA, a case study of Estonia and Singapore is required. Estonia’s economy is not up to par with Singapore. On the other hand, Estonia is more democratic than Singapore. The national IQ levels are higher in Singapore (102) than in Estonia (99.4) but may explain a large portion of the attainment level in both countries. Singapore does also have more highly educated and better paid teachers, as well as a highly skilled foreign workforce. Annual educational quantity is very similar. Therefore, the high scores in Estonia relative to the OECD average and many wealthier western nations remain as somewhat of a minor mystery.
Acknowledgements
The author acknowledges two reviewers for their important comments on an earlier draft of this article.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Correction Statement
This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.