Diversity and endemism of Murinae rodents in Thai limestone karsts

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the species diversity of rodents living in karst ecosystems of Thailand. A survey has been conducted throughout Thailand, 122 karsts sampled and 477 Murinae rodents live-trapped. Phylogenetic reconstructions were carried out using two mitochondrial markers (cytb, COI). A sequence-based species delimitation method completed by the analysis of the level of genetic divergence was then applied to define species boundaries within our dataset. The phylogenetic position of Niviventer hinpoon was also investigated and sequences obtained from the holotype specimen of this species were used to reliably identify samples of N. hinpoon. A total of 12 described Murinae species, corresponding to 17 deeply divergent genetic lineages, were encountered in limestone karsts of Thailand. Our study revealed an important genetic diversity within the traditionally recognized species Maxomys surifer (four highly divergent genetic lineages), Leopoldamys neilli (two highly divergent genetic lineages) and Berylmys bowersi (two highly divergent genetic lineages). These species could be considered as species complex and require further taxonomic work. This study also provides valuable information on the distribution of the two rodent species endemic to limestone karsts of Thailand, L. neilli and N. hinpoon. Leopoldamys neilli was the most abundant species encountered in Thai karsts during our survey. However, L. neilli specimens from western Thailand are genetically highly divergent from the remaining populations of L. neilli and could represent a separate species. Niviventer hinpoon, phylogenetically closely related to N. fulvescens, is much rarer and its distribution limited to central Thailand. Most of the other captured species are typically associated with forest ecosystems. This study suggests that limestone karsts play a key role in the preservation of the rodent species endemic to such habitat, but they would also provide refuges for the forest-dwelling Murinae rodents in deforested regions.

Key words:

• GMYC lineages
• limestone karsts
• Murinae rodents
• Rattini
• Southeast Asia
• species delimitation
• Thailand

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to B. Tontan for his help in the field throughout this survey and to S. Jittapalapong for his administrative support. We thank M. Pages for her advices about extraction and amplification of DNA from museum sample. This work was supported by a Belgian FRS-FNRS (Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique) fellowship to A. Latinne (‘Aspirant’) and to J.R. Michaux (‘Maître de recherches’), and a financial grant from the Belgian FRS-FNRS (‘crédits pour brefs séjours à l’étranger’ to A. Latinne and J.R. Michaux and credits from the ‘Fonds de la Recherche Fondamentale Collective (FRFC)’ to J.R. Michaux), from the University of Liège (Patrimoine) and from the Communauté française de Belgique. This project was also supported by the network ‘Bibliothèque du Vivant’ funded by the CNRS, the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, the INRA and the CEA (Centre National de Séquençage). This study is part of the ‘CERoPath project’ (Community Ecology of Rodents and their Pathogens in South-East Asia: effects of biodiversity changes and implications in health ecology), ANR Biodiversity ANR 07 BDIV 012, funded by the French National Agency for Research.