https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-6213
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Abstract
The Eleutherodactylus subgenus Syrrhophus has a complex taxonomic history. For many years the species were classified into series and groups of species based on morphological and allozyme data. However, most of the species have conservative morphology, and their phylogenetic relationships have not been resolved. Furthermore, recent studies employing molecular tools have shown that Syrrhophus diversity is highly underestimated. Here, we present a near-complete phylogenetic hypothesis based on mitochondrial data (16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and cytochrome b) and employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The Bayesian tree has high support values (posterior probabilities ≥0.95) whereas the maximum likelihood hypothesis has generally low values (bootstrap support <70). Both phylogenetic analyses recovered Syrrhophus as monophyletic and composed of four main, allopatric clades (E. symingtoni clade, E. longipes clade, E. modestus clade, and E. nitidus clade) concordant with geography. Based on the molecular and morphological data, we describe a new species from the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The new species is most closely related to E. campi and E. cystignathoides from which it has a genetic distance >7% in 16S rRNA. Finally, based on the phylogenetic results, we resurrect E. rubrimaculatus from synonymy. Our results increase the number of species in the subgenus Syrrhophus to 41. We highlight the importance of efforts to study this important component of Mexican biodiversity.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3C2B2315-D5C8-420A-938C-A2B3A75B4248
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA), UNAM under grant PAPIIT no. IN205521 to GPO and CONACyT A1-S-37838 to UOGV; American Museum of Natural History under the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Grant to RHA. We thank Mirna G. García-Castillo, Ángela M. Mendoza-Henao, Abigail Mora-Reyes, Ángel F. Soto-Pozos, Omar Becerra-Soria, J. Daniel Lara-Tufiño, Ismael Reaño-Hernández, Luis M. Badillo-Saldaña, Eugui R. Martínez-Pérez, Ángel I. Contreras-Calvario, Romina I. Cervantes-Burgos, Antonio E. Valdenegro-Brito, and Juan C. Sánchez-García for valuable help during fieldwork; Adrián Nieto-Montes de Oca, Óscar Flores-Villela, and Edmundo Pérez-Ramos for allowing access to the MZFC, UNAM; S. Blair Hedges, Sean M. Rovito, Ricardo Palacios-Aguilar, Gustavo Campillo, and Alejandro Calzada-Arciniega for kindly providing tissue samples; Laura Márquez and Nelly López (LaNaBio), and Andrea Jiménez-Marín for their help in laboratory work; Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT) for Collection Permits SGPA/DGVS/003513/18, SGPA/DGVS/03047/19, and SGPA/DGVS/03197/20 issued to GPO and FAUT 241 issued to UOGV; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas (PCB), UNAM for its support to this study. We are grateful to David Gower, Peter Olson, and two anonymous reviewers, who kindly reviewed the earlier version of this manuscript and provided valuable suggestions and comments. RHA thanks Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) for granting a scholarship (CVU 662067) to conclude her PhD program. RHA will submit this paper in partial fulfilment of the requirements to obtain her PhD degree in the PCB, UNAM.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Supplemental material
Supplemental material for this article can be accessed here: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2021.2014597.
Associate Editor: David Gower