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Astropolitics
The International Journal of Space Politics & Policy
Volume 5, 2007 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Viewpoint: The Strategic Context of the Moon Echoes of the Past, Symphony of the Future

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Pages 87-104 | Published online: 02 Aug 2007
 

Abstract

A strategic framework for the Moon must weave together the economic, social, scientific, national security, and civil aspects that have evolved largely in isolation since the inception of the space age. The United States—based on its historical dependence upon space assets, exploration heritage, and global leadership position,—has the most to gain and lose by the tenor of its leadership in this framework's development and implementation. A permanent presence on the Moon, combined with the use of lunar and space resources, offers the means to create a new space age. Lunar exploration offers many scientific and cultural benefits and has significant historic implications. In addition, this extension of human reach beyond low Earth orbit, and the ability to regularly access and use cislunar space is critical for addressing emerging national, economic, and scientific challenges. An analogy to this strategic moment is the development of United States maritime policy at the beginning of the 20th century.

The ideas and opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the positions or opinions of the organizations with which the authors are affiliated.

Notes

Executive Office of the President, A Renewed Spirit of Discovery, Washington, DC: White House, January 2004). http://www.whitehouse.gov/space/renewed_spirit.html (accessed).

Sprout, Harold and Sprout, Margaret The Rise of American Naval Power 1776–1918, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966).

Columbia Accident Investigation Board, 2003, Final Report, http://caib.nasa.gov/news/report/volume1/default.html

The Vision for Space Exploration, NASA Feb. 2004, http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/55583main_vision_space_exploration2.pdf

Congress of the United States, NASA Authorization Bill, S. 1281, http://www.govtrack.us/data/us/bills.text/109/s/s1281.pdf

Report of the Commission to Assess United States National Security Space Management and Organization, 2001, http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/space20010111.html

The Vision (note 4).

Executive Office (note 1).

Japan will launch SELENE and China plans a lunar orbiter Chang'E in 2007, http://www.lpi.usra.edu/expmoon/future/future.html

M. O'Hanlon, Neither Star Wars nor Sanctuary: Constraining the Military Uses of Space, Brookings Institute, Washington, D.C., 2004).

N. Gallagher, Towards a Reconsideration of the Rules of Space Security, in Perspectives on Space Security (Space Policy Institute, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 2005).

See, for example, C. Murray and C. Cox, Apollo: The Race to the Moon (New York and Chicago: Simon and Schuster, NY, 1989) and J.M. Logsdon, The Decision to go to the Moon: Project Apollo and the National Interest (Chicago, IL: Univ. Chicago Press, 1976).

Executive Office (note 1).

P.D. Spudis, The Once and Future Moon (City, ST: Smithsonian University Press, 1996).

See for example, D.B.J. Bussey, P.D. Spudis, M.S. Robinson, Illumination conditions at the lunar South Pole, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26: 9 (1999): 1187.

A.R. Vasavada, D.A. Paige, and S.E. Wood, Near-surface temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the stability of polar ice deposits, Icarus 141 (1999): 179–193.

S. Nozette, P.D. Spudis, M. Robinson, D.B.J. Bussey, C. Lichtenberg, and R. Bonner, Integration of lunar polar remote-sensing data sets: Evidence for ice at the lunar South Pole, J. Geophys. Res. 106: E19 (2001): 23253–23266; W. Feldman, et al., “Polar hydrogen deposits on the moon,” J. Geophys. Res. 105: E2 (2000): 4175–4195.

Regolith solar wind and impact record—see LEXSWG, 1992, A Planetary Science Strategy for the Moon. NASA JSC, http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_resources/strategy.pdf

D. Raup, The Nemesis Affair (New York: Norton Inc., 1986).

For an extended discussion of Apollo spin-off figures, see H.R. Hertzfeld, Space as an Investment in Economic Growth, AIAA Conf. And Exposition, Albuquerque NM, 1999.

LEXSWG, 1992 A Planetary Science Strategy for the Moon, NASA JSC, http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_resources/strategy.pdf

J. Burns, N. Duric, J. Taylor, and S.W. Johnson, “Observatories on the Moon,” Scientific American 262 (1990): 42.

R. Bialecki, and P. Kokh, Lunar Quarantine Facility for Mars Sample Returns, Moon Miner's Manifesto 110, Nov. 1997, http://www.asi.org/adb/06/09/03/02/110/quarantine-marsmission.html

P.D. Spudis, “Harvest the Moon,” Astronomy, 31: 6 (June 2003): 42–47.

D. Criswell, 2003, Senate testimony, http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=10926

F.J. Turner, The Frontier in American History (City, ST: Dover, 1986).

Sprout and Sprout (note 2).

A.T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power in History, 1660–1783 (City, ST: Dover, 1892).

J. Reckner, Teddy Roosevelt's Great White Fleet (City, ST: Bluejacket Books, 2001).

National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 2002).

Raup (note 21).

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