Chagas disease immunogenetics: elusive markers of disease progression

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Chagas disease (CD) is caused by a parasitic infection. The disease usually occurs after decades of the primary infection and can involve the myocardium or the digestive system. Of note, around 30% of T. cruzi infected patients develop CD while the other 70% may remain asymptomatic for their entire life. CD is usually observed as familial clustered phenomena. Moreover, individuals with chronic Chagas heart disease (CCHD) usually present a strong, deregulated immune response, which strongly suggests an immunogenetic effect.

Areas covered: In this article we review and discuss the information currently available from the published scientific literature regarding the genetic variants of molecules of the immune system that contribute to the clinical presentation of the disease.

Expert commentary: Of note, the most promissory results are found on the polymorphisms of chemokine receptors, particularly CCR5 and CCR2. Additional investigations are required, particularly with a focus on the genes that regulate the immune system.

KEYWORDS:

• Chagas
• biomarkers
• immunogenetics
• parasitic
• cardiomyopathy

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was not funded.