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Posttraumatic growth and person-centered therapy

A longitudinal investigation of the relationship between unconditional positive self-regard and posttraumatic growth

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Pages 191-200 | Received 28 Nov 2014, Accepted 30 Apr 2015, Published online: 02 Jul 2015
 

Abstract

The present study investigated whether unconditional positive self-regard (UPSR) is associated with subsequent posttraumatic growth (PTG) following the experience of a traumatic life event. A total of 143 participants completed an online questionnaire to assess the experience of traumatic life events, posttraumatic stress, well-being and UPSR (Time 1). Three months later, 76 of the participants completed measures of well-being and perceived PTG (Time 2). Analyses were conducted to test for association between UPSR at Time 1 and perceptions of PTG at Time 2. Results showed that higher UPSR at T1 was associated with higher perceived PTG at Time 2. To measure actual growth, individual differences in well-being were computed between Time 1 and Time 2. Results showed that higher UPSR at T1 was associated with higher actual PTG. Implications of these findings are discussed and future directions for research in this area considered. Specifically, results are consistent with a person-centered understanding of therapeutic approaches to the facilitation of PTG

Eine Longitudinal-Studie zum Verhältnis von Bedingungsloser positiver Selbst-Beachtung und posttraumatischem Wachstum

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob es einen Zusammenhang gibt zwischen Bedingungsloser positiver Selbst-Beachtung (UPSR) und posttraumatischem Wachstum (PTG), welches auf eine traumatische Lebenserfahrung folgt. 143 Teilnehmende füllten einen Online-Fragebogen aus, um die Erfahrung von traumatischen Lebensereignissen zu bewerten sowie posttraumatischen Stress, Gesundheit und UPSR (Zeit 1). Drei Monate später vervollständigten 76 der Teilnehmenden Messungen zu Gesundheit und wahrgenommener PTG (Zeit 2). Wir führten Analysen durch, um einen Zusammenhang zwischen UPSR Zeit 1 und Wahrnehmungen zu PTG bei Zeit 2 zu überprüfen. Die Resultate zeigten, dass ein höheres UPSR bei Zeit 1 in Verbindung stand mit höher wahrgenommenem PTG bei Zeit 2. Um tatsächliches Wachstum zu messen, wurden individuelle Differenzen zu Gesundheit zwischen Zeit 1 und Zeit 2 im Computer erfasst. Die Resultate zeigten, dass ein höheres UPSR bei Z1 tatsächlich mit höherem PTG verbunden war. Implikationen dieser Befunde werden diskutiert und Überlegungen dazu angestellt, in welche Richtung die weitere Forschung dazu gehen könnte. Insbesondere sind die Resultate mit einem personzentrierten Verständnis des therapeutischen Zugangs zur Förderung von PTG konsistent.

Una investigación longitudinal de la relación entre la autoestima positiva incondicional y el crecimiento postraumático

El presente estudio investigó si la autoestima positiva incondicional está asociada con el posterior crecimiento postraumático, siguiendo la experiencia de un evento traumático de la vida. 143 participantes completaron un cuestionario online para evaluar la experiencia de eventos traumáticos de sus vidas, estrés postraumático, bienestar y la autoestima positiva incondicional en la primera vez (T1). Tres meses después, 76 de los participantes completaron las medidas de bienestar y de percepción de crecimiento postraumático por segunda vez (T2). Se realizaron análisis para probar la asociación entre la autoestima positiva incondicional en la primera vez (T1) y las percepciones de crecimiento postraumático en la segunda vez (T2). Los resultados mostraron que mayor autoestima positiva incondicional en T1 se asociaba con mayor crecimiento postraumático percibido en la segunda vez (T2). Para medir el crecimiento real se calcularon las diferencias individuales en el bienestar entre la primera vez (T1) y la segunda vez (T2). Los resultados mostraron que mayor autoestima positiva incondicional en T1 se asoció con mayor crecimiento postraumático real. Discutimos la implicaciones de estos hallazgos y consideramos futuras direcciones de investigación en esta área. Los resultados son específicamente consistentes con una comprensión centrada en la persona de los enfoques terapéuticos para facilitar el crecimiento postraumático.

Etude longitudinale de la relation entre le regard positif inconditionnel de soi et la croissance post-traumatique

Cette recherche tend à savoir si, suite à un événement de vie vécu de façon traumatique, le regard positif inconditionnel de soi (RPIS) est associé avec la croissance post-traumatique (CPT). 143 participants ont complété un questionnaire en ligne visant à évaluer l’expérience d’événements de vie traumatiques, le stress post-traumatique, le bien-être et le RPIS (Temps 1). Trois mois plus tard, 76 de ces participants ont complété des mesures de bien-être et de indiquaient s’ils percevaient une CPT (Temps 2). Des analyses ont testé l’association entre le RPIS au temps 1 et la perception de la CPT au temps 2. Les résultats montrent qu’un plus haut degré de RPIS au temps 1 était associé avec une plus grande CPT au temps 2. Pour mesurer la croissance actuelle, les différences individuelles de bien-être ont été encodées au temps 1 et 2. Les résultats montrent qu’un plus grand RPIS au temps 1 était associé avec une plus grande CPT actuelle. Les implications de ces résultats sont discutées et des orientations futures pour la recherche sont prises en considération. De façon spécifique, les résultats sont compatibles avec la compréhension qu’à l’Approche centrée sur la personne des approches qui permettent de faciliter la CPT.

Investigação longitudinal sobre a relação entre auto-conceito incondicional positivo e desenvolvimento pós-traumático

O presente estudo investigou a hipótese de o auto-conceito incondicional positivo (ACIP) estar associado ao desenvovimento subsequente a um aconteciemnto de vida traumático. 143 participantes preencheram um questionário online destinado a avaliar a vivência de acontecimentos de vida traumáticos, stress pós-traumático, bem-estar e o ACIP (Momento 1). Três meses mais tarde, 76 desses mesmos participantes preencheram escalas de bem-estar e desenvolvimento pós-traumático percebido (Momento 2). Foram levadas a cabo análises com vista a testar a existência de uma relação entre o ACIP do Momento 1 e as perceções de desenvolvimento pós-traumático do Momento 2. Os resultados demonstraram que um maior ACIP no Tempo 1 encontrava-se associado a um maior desenvolvimento pós-traumático percebido no Momento 2. Por forma a medir o desenvolvimento efetivo, foram analisadas as diferenças individuais nas medidas de bem-estar entre o Momento 1 e o Momento 2. Os resultados demonstraram que um maior índice de ACIP no Momento 1 estava associado a um desenvolvimento pós-traumático efetivo mais elevado. São discutidas as implicações destes achados e são debatidas as direções para futuras investigaçõesnesta área. Especificamente, os resultados são consistentes com uma compreensão centrada na pessoa das abordagens terapêuticas facilitadoras do desenvolvimento pós-traumático.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sarah Flanagan

Sarah Flanagan, B.Sc., D.Clin.Psych., recently graduated from the clinical psychology doctorate programme at The Universities of Coventry and Warwick. She currently works as a Clinical Psychologist for Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust.

Tom G. Patterson

Tom Patterson is a Chartered Clinical Psychologist and a Senior Lecturer in Clinical Psychology. He is currently Academic Director of the Clinical Psychology Doctorate Training Progamme at Coventry University and University of Warwick and has research interests in person-centred theory, mindfulness, dementia and the mental health of older people.

Ian R. Hume

Ian Hume, PhD is a Senior Lecturer in Clinical Psychology at Coventry University specialising in quantitative research methods and an Associate Lecturer at Cardiff Metropolitan University.

Stephen Joseph

Stephen Joseph, PhD., CPsychol., AFBPsS., is the convenor for the counselling and psychotherapy cluster in the School of Education at the University of Nottingham, UK. He is on the British Psychological Society’s Register of Psychologists Specializing in Psychotherapy. He is author of What Doesn’t Kill Us: The New Psychology of Posttraumatic Growth (Basic Books).

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