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General Article

How does client expressed emotional arousal relate to outcome in experiential therapy for depression?

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Pages 173-190 | Received 11 Jul 2016, Accepted 31 Jan 2017, Published online: 25 May 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Experiential empirically supported treatments for depression assume that both arousal and experiencing of emotion are necessary for good treatment outcomes. The current study examined the importance of emotional arousal and experiencing to outcome during 32 experiential therapies for major depression. Experiential theory assumes that arousal is important to outcome because it facilitates further emotional processing. The relative contribution of emotional arousal and experiencing was examined within phases of therapy. Two main hypotheses were explored. (1) We hypothesized that arousal would indirectly predict outcome mediated by experiencing and (2) we hypothesized that experiential therapy would increase emotional arousal across therapy. Both hypotheses were supported. The present findings therefore support experiential theory concerning the importance of both emotional arousal and experiencing to good outcome in experiential treatment of depression.

Comment l’éveil émotionnel exprimé par le client entre en corrélation avec l’issue d’une thérapie expérientielle appliquée à la dépression.

Les traitements de la dépression effectués sur base empirique supposent que l’éveil et l’experiencing de l’émotion sont nécessaires pour une bonne issue du traitement. L’étude présentée examine, au cours de 32 thérapies expérientielles menées dans des cas de dépression majeure, l’importance de l’éveil émotionnel exprimé et de l’experiencing sur l’issue de la thérapie. La théorie expérientielle suppose que l’éveil est important quant à l’issue parce qu’il facilite la poursuite d’autres développements émotionnels. Les contributions respectives de l’éveil émotionnel et de l’experiencing ont été étudiées au sein des phases de la thérapie. Deux théories principales ont été explorées. 1) Le noyau de l’hypothèse était que l’éveil indiquerait l’issue de manière indirecte par l’entremise de l’experiencing; et 2) que la thérapie expérientielle augmenterait l’éveil émotionnel tout au long du parcours thérapeutique. Les deux hypothèses se sont vérifiées. Les conclusions présentes confortent donc la théorie expérientielle concernant l’importance de l’éveil émotionnel et de l’experiencing l’un et l’autre pour une issue favorable lors du traitement expérientiel d’une dépression.

Wie verhält sich von Klienten ausgedrückte emotionale Erregung zum Outcome in Experienzieller Therapie für Depression?

Experienzielle empirisch abgestützte Behandlungen bei Depression gehen davon aus, dass sowohl das Wachrufen als auch das Erleben von Emotion für gute Behandlungsergebnisse notwendig sind. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte die Wichtigkeit von sowohl ausgedrückter emotionaler Erregung als auch dem Erleben auf den Outcome während 32 Experienzieller Therapien von Major Depression. Experienzielle Theorie nimmt an, dass das Wachrufen von Emotionen wichtig für den Outcome ist, weil es weiteres emotionales Prozessieren fördert. Der relative Beitrag von emotionalem Wachrufen und dann dem Erleben wurde innerhalb von Therapiephasen untersucht. Zwei Haupt-Hypothesen wurden untersucht. 1. Die Kern-Hypothese war, dass das Wachrufen indirekt den Outcome vorhersagen würde, vermittelt durch das Erleben, und dass 2. Experienzielle Therapie die emotionalen Reaktionen über die Therapie hinweg erhöhen würde. Beide Hypothesen wurden gestützt. Die gegenwärtigen Befunde unterstützen daher die experienzielle Theorie, was die Wichtigkeit von sowohl emotionalem Wachrufen als auch dem Erleben als wesentlichen Faktoren für ein gutes Resultat in der experienziellen Behandlung von Depressionen angeht.

¿Cómo se relaciona la excitación emocional expresada por el cliente con el resultado en la terapia experiencial para la depresión?

Los tratamientos experienciados para la depresión apoyados empíricamente asumen que tanto la excitación como la experiencia de la emoción son necesarias para buenos resultados del tratamiento. El presente estudio examinó la importancia de expresar la excitación emocional y experienciar el resultado durante treinta y dos terapias experienciales para la depresión mayor. La teoría experiencial asume que la excitación es importante para el resultado porque facilita el procesamiento emocional adicional. Se examinaron la contribución relativa de la excitación emocional y el experienciar, dentro de las fases de la terapia. Se exploraron dos hipótesis principales. 1) La hipótesis central era que la excitación indirectamente predeciría resultado mediado por el experienciar; Y 2) la terapia experiencial aumentaría la excitación emocional a través de la terapia. Ambas hipótesis fueron apoyadas. Por lo tanto, los presentes hallazgos apoyan la teoría experiencial sobre la importancia de la excitación emocional y la experiencia de un buen resultado en el tratamiento experiencial de la depresión.

De que forma a ativação emocional manifestada pelo cliente se relaciona com o resultado da terapia experiencial da depressão?

Alguns tratamentos experienciais apoiados empiricamente assumem a necessidade de ativar e experienciar emoções, com vista a bons resultados terapêuticos. O presente estudo analisou a importância da ativação e da experienciação de emoções, manifestadas pelo cliente, no resultado de trinta e duas terapias de depressão major. A teoria experiencial admite que a ativação emocional é importante porque facilita o subsequente processamento das emoções. A contribuição relativa da ativação e da experienciação emocional foi analisada em várias fases da terapia. Foram exploradas duas hipóteses principais. 1) A hipótese central é a de que a ativação prediz de forma indireta o resultado mediado pela experienciação. 2) A terapia experiencial faz aumentar a ativação emocional no seu curso. Ambas as hipóteses foram confirmadas. Os resultados aqui expressos apoiam assim uma terapia experiencial, no que diz respeito à importância da ativação e emocional para o bom resultado do tratamento experiencial da depressão.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

A. E. Pos

A. E. Pos is an associate professor in Clinical Psychology, international trainer in IS_EFT, is an expert in the application of EFT to personality disorders and has been a process research in emotional processes in experiential therapy for over 15 years. She is the investigator who collected the current EXP data. She has presented her data at several conferences and meeting and has reviewed years ago for this journal (on the editorial board). She was a graduate student of Dr. L. S. Greenberg.

D. A. Paolone is a researcher in a number of trials for DBT for borderline personality disorder. Was an honours thesis student of Dr. Alberta Pos and pursued the current study under her supervision. She has presented an earlier version of this study at the North American meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research in Memphis TN, in 2013.

C. E. Smith Carrie is an expert in R statistical package.

S. H. Warwar Serine is in private practice in Toronto and uses EFT as her primary model. She is original investigator who collected the current arousal data. She was a process researcher, and student of L. S. Greenberg. She is also a trainer in EFT as indicated by the IS_EFT.

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