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Original Articles

Emotion-focused therapy for clients with autistic process

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Pages 215-235 | Received 22 Nov 2016, Accepted 20 Jan 2017, Published online: 02 Jun 2017
 

ABSTRACT

The person-centered approach has paid little attention to persons with autistic process, in spite of their often experiencing high levels of psychological distress. We present the main arguments for a group therapy adaptation of emotion-focused therapy for people on the autistic spectrum (EFT-AS). The principles of this approach are described here. A novel form of interpersonal process recall as a process guiding method is presented. The primary change processes include improving access to and symbolizing one’s own and others’ painful emotional experiences. EFT-AS uses video playback of social–emotional interpersonal reciprocity difficulty task markers to help clients activate, deepen and transform emotions via accessing core pain and associated unmet needs, which in turn point to adaptive emotions such as compassion for self and others. The beginning, middle and ending phases of treatment, showing shifts in client emotion processing, are presented with illustrative session transcripts. EFT-AS appears to be an innovative and promising approach to working with this client population but replication and further research are required.

Emotionsfokussierte Therapie für Klienten mit autistischem Prozess

Der Personzentrierte Ansatz hat Menschen mit autistischem Prozess wenig Beachtung geschenkt, obwohl diese oft ein hohes Maß an psychologischem Stress erleben. Wir beschreiben die Hauptargumente für eine Adaptation einer Gruppen-Therapie der Emotionsfokussierten Therapie für Menschen aus dem autistischen Spektrum (EFT-AS). Die Grundlagen dieses Ansatzes werden hier dargestellt. Eine neue Erfassungsmethode für den Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) als Prozess-Leitfaden wird vorgestellt. Die primären Veränderungsprozesse beinhalten, den Zugang sowohl zu den eigenen schmerzhaften Emotionen als auch denen von anderen zu verbessern. EFT-AS verwendet Video Playback zu Aufgaben-Markern für Schwierigkeiten bei sozial-emotionaler interpersonaler Reziprozität. Es geht dabei darum, Klienten zu helfen, Emotionen zu aktivieren, zu vertiefen und zu transformieren, indem man den zentralen Schmerz und damit verbundene unbefriedigte Bedürfnisse angeht, welche umgekehrt auf adaptive Emotionen wie Mitgefühl für sich selbst und für andere hinweisen. Die Anfangs-, Mittel-und End-Phase der Behandlung, welche dann die Veränderungen im Emotions-Prozessieren der Klienten zeigen, werden mit anschaulichen Sitzungs-Transkripten vorgestellt. EFT-AS scheint ein innovativer und viel versprechender Ansatz zu sein, um mit dieser Klienten-Population zu arbeiten, aber eine Replikation dieser Untersuchung und weitere Forschungen sind nötig.

Terapia centrada en la emoción para clientes con procesos autistas

El enfoque centrado en la persona ha prestado poca atención a las personas con procesos autistas, a pesar de que a menudo experimentan altos niveles de angustia psicológica. Presentamos los principales argumentos para una adaptación terapéutica grupal de Terapia Enfocada Emoción para personas en el espectro autista (TCE-EA). Aquí se describen los principios de este enfoque. Se presenta una nueva forma de Recolección de Procesos Interpersonales (RPI) como un método de guía de procesos. Los procesos de cambio primarios incluyen mejorar el acceso a. y simbolizar las experiencias emocionales dolorosas de uno y de los demás. TCE-EA utiliza la reproducción de vídeo de marcadores de dificultad en las tareas de la reciprocidad interpersonal socio-emocional para ayudar a los clientes a activar, profundizar y transformar las emociones a través del acceso al dolor central y a necesidades asociadas no satisfechas, que a su vez apuntan a emociones adaptativas como la compasión por uno mismo y otros. Las fases inicial, media y final del tratamiento, que muestran los cambios en el procesamiento de la emoción del cliente, se presentan con transcripciones ilustrativas de la sesión. TCA-WA parece ser un enfoque innovador y prometedor para trabajar con esta población de clientes, pero se requieren replicación e investigación adicional.

La thérapie centrée sur les émotions à l’attention de clients au processus autistique

L’approche centrée sur la personne a offert peu d’attention aux personnes vivant un processus autistique, bien qu’elles fassent souvent l’expérience d’un niveau élevé de détresse psychologique. Nous présentons les principaux arguments pour une adaptation de la thérapie de groupe centrée sur les émotions aux personnes de spectre autistique (TCE–SA). Les principes de cette approche sont décrits dans cet article. Une nouvelle forme de rappel du processus interpersonnel (RPI) y est exposée comme méthode guidant le processus. Les premiers processus de changement comprennent la symbolisation et l’amélioration de l’accès aux expériences émotionnelles douloureuses personnelles ou exprimées par autrui. La TCE-SA utilise le feed-back vidéo pour le repérage des indices des tâches thérapeutiques liées aux difficultés sociales/émotionnelles de réciprocité interpersonnelle afin d’aider le client à activer, approfondir et transformer les émotions en ayant accès au noyau de la souffrance et aux besoins restés sans réponse qui y sont associés, pour la mise au point d’émotions adaptatives telles que la compassion pour soi et les autres. Les phases initiales, du milieu et de la fin du traitement, présentant des changements du processus émotionnel du client, sont illustrées par la transcription d’extraits de sessions thérapeutiques. La TCE-SA se révèle être une approche innovante et prometteuse pour le travail avec ce type de client, mais de nouvelles recherches et la réplication sont encore requises.

Terapia Focada na Emoção para clientes no espetro do Autismo

A Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa prestou pouca atenção a pessoas no espetro do autismo, apesar de elas vivenciarem frequentemente elevados níveis de sofrimento psicológico. Apresentamos os argumentos principais para uma adaptação da Terapia Focada na Emoção à terapia de grupo cm pessoas no espetro do autismo (TFE- EA). Os pressupostos dessa terapia são descritos neste artigo. É apresentada uma forma inovadora do Processo de Recapitulação Interpessoal (PRI), enquanto método de condução do processo. Os processos de mudança primordial incluem a melhoria do acesso às experiências emocionais do próprio, bem como a simbolização das experiências emocionais dolorosas do próprio e do outro. A TFE-EA recorre a uma reprodução em vídeo dos marcadores socio-emocionais das dificuldades para tarefas relacionadas com a reciprocidade interpessoal, como forma de ajudar os clientes a ativar, aprofundar e transformar as emoções, através do acesso à dor primordial e às necessidades não preenchidas a ela associadas, as quais, por sua vez, apontam para emoções adaptativas, tais como a compaixão para com o próprio e os outros. São apresentadas as fases iniciais, intermédias e finais da terapia, através de transcrições de sessões que as ilustram, mostrando assim as mudanças no processamento emocional do cliente. A TFE-EA parece ser uma abordagem inovadora e promissora ao trabalho com esta população, mas são necessárias mais pesquisa e replicações do estudo.

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our gratitude to each of the adolescents and adults who agreed to take part in this research.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, or publication of this article.

Notes on contributors

Anna Robinson

Dr. Anna Robinson is a psychologist, person-centered experiential therapist and Director of the Masters in Autism programme at the University of Strathclyde. She developed the first counseling service in Scotland for people with Asperger Syndrome in 1997, working individually, with couples and small groups. She has a PhD in Counselling from the University of Strathclyde entitled Enhancing Emotion Processing within Emotion-Focused Group Therapy for People with Asperger’s Syndrome (EFT-AS).

Robert Elliott

Robert Elliott is a Professor of Counselling in the Counselling Unit at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland. He is the co-author of facilitating emotional change and learning emotion-focused therapy. He is a recipient of the distinguished career award of the Society for Psychotherapy Research and of the 2008 Carl Rogers Award of the Division of Humanistic Psychology of the American Psychological Association.

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