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Research Article

The person-centred approach in Aotearoa New Zealand: a critical examination of a settler psychology

L’Approche centrée sur la personne en Aotearoa Nouvelle-Zélande : Un examen critique d’une psychologie coloniale

Der Personzentrierte Ansatz in Aotearoa Neuseeland: eine kritische Untersuchung einer Psychologie der Siedler (German)

El enfoque centrado en la persona en Aotearoa Nueva Zelanda: un examen crítico de la psicología de los colonos

A Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa em Aotearoa Nova Zelândia: uma análise crítica de uma Psicologia de colonos

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Pages 84-101 | Received 23 Sep 2020, Accepted 30 Sep 2020, Published online: 26 Nov 2020
 

ABSTRACT

This article examines how the person-centered approach (PCA) became established in Aotearoa New Zealand, and draws parallels between how a Western psychology lands and settles and the process of colonization. Utilizing a critical methodology of both written records and oral history, the article documents the process of ‘first contact’ of Rogers’ ideas, followed by the later ‘settlement’ of client- and person-centered influences through churches and ministry, marriage guidance, and relationship counseling, and the tertiary education sector. Drawing on the results of a contemporary survey, the article reflects on the limitations of the current practice of person-centered therapy, and of therapists influenced by the PCA. The article concludes with a challenge to the approach to adapt to be more culturally responsible, relevant, and responsive, particularly to the indigenous Māori people of the land.

Cet article examine comment l’Approche centrée sur la personne (ACP) s’est établie en Aotearoa Nouvelle Zélande. Il dresse des parallèles entre le processus de colonisation et la manière dont une psychologie occidentale débarque et s’implante. En utilisant une méthodologie critique d’enregistrements écrits et d’histoires orales, l’article documente le “premier contact” avec les idées de Rogers, suivi par “l’installation” des influences centrées sur le client/la personne au travers de l’église et de son ministère, de l’accompagnement au mariage, du counselling en matière relationnelle et du secteur tertiaire de l’éducation. Sur base des résultats d’une enquEAte actuelle, l’article pose ensuite une réflexion sur les limites de la pratique actuelle de la thérapie centrée sur la personne et des thérapeutes influencés par l’ACP. L’article se conclut par un défi E0 l’approche de s’adapter pour EAtre davantage culturellement responsable, pertinente et adaptée, particulièrement envers le people indigène Maori du pays.

Zusammenfassung: Dieser Artikel untersucht, wie sich der Personzentrierte Ansatz (PCA) in Aotearoa Neuseeland, etablierte und zieht Parallelen dazu, wie eine westliche Psychologie landet und siedelt sowie eine Parallele zum Prozess der Kolonisation. Anhand einer kritischen Methodologie sowohl von schriftlichen Zeugnissen als auch von mündlichen Überlieferungen dokumentiert der Artikel den Prozess des “ersten Kontakts” von Rogers’ Ideen, gefolgt von der späteren “Ansiedlung” klient- und personzentrierter Einflüsse durch Kirchen und Seelsorge, Ehe- und Beziehungsberatung sowie durch den tertiären Bildungssektor. Mit Hilfe der Resultate einer aktuellen Studie reflektiert der Artikel die Grenzen der derzeitigen personzentrierten Praxis sowie der therapeutischen Fachpersonen, die vom PCA beeinflusst sind. Der Artikel schliesst mit einer Aufforderung an den Ansatz, sich anzupassen und kulturell mehr Verantwortung zu übernehmen, diesbezüglich relevanter und empfänglicher zu sein, insbesondere dem indigenen Maori Volk des Landes gegenüber

Resumen: Este artículo examina cómo se estableció el enfoque centrado en la persona (PCA) en Aotearoa Nueva Zelanda, y establece paralelismos entre cómo aterriza y se asienta una psicología occidental y el proceso de colonización. Utilizando una metodología crítica tanto de registros escritos como de historia oral, el artículo documenta el proceso de “primer contacto” de las ideas de Rogers, seguido por el “establecimiento” posterior de influencias centradas en el cliente y la persona a través de iglesias y ministerio, orientación matrimonial y Counseling relacional y el sector de la educación terciaria. A partir de los resultados de una encuesta contemporánea, el artículo reflexiona sobre las limitaciones de la práctica actual de la terapia centrada en la persona y de los terapeutas influenciados por la PCA. El artículo concluye con un desafío al enfoque para adaptarse a ser más culturalmente responsable, relevante y receptivo, particularmente con el pueblo indígena maorí de la tierra.

Este artigo analisa como a ACP se estabeleceu em Aotearoa Nova Zelândia e estabelece paralelismos entre como uma Psicologia ocidental chega e se instala e o processo de colonização. Recorrendo a uma metodologia crítica baseada em relatos escritos e história oral, o artigo documenta o processo do “contacto inicial” com as ideias de Rogers, seguido do posterior estabelecimento de influências centradas no cliente na igrejas e doutrinas, no aconselhamento matrimonial e orientação relacional e na formação do setor terciário. Partindo dos resultados de um inquérito contemporâneo, o artigo pondera as limitações da prática corrente da Terapia Centrada no Cliente e de terapeutas influenciados pela ACP. O artigo termina lançando um desafio à abordagem, para que se adapte de modo a ser mais culturalmente responsável, relevante e responsiva, em particular face aos indígenas Maori daquele território.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank and acknowledge the help and contribution of Goff Barrett-Lennard, A. Roy Bowden, and Hans Everts in writing this article, the inspiration of the late Evan Sherrard, and the support of Isabelle Sherrard with our endeavors.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Keith Tudor

Keith Tudor is Professor of Psychotherapy at Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Aotearoa New Zealand, where he is currently engaged in establishing a Centre for Research in the Psychological Therapies. He is also chair of the organizing committee of PCE2021, the next conference of the World Association due to being held in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand, in June 2001.

Brian Rodgers

Brian Rodgers is a Senior Lecturer on the counseling programme at University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand, having previously worked at AUT with Keith, and at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland. He is chair of the scientific committee of PCE2021 (www.pce2021.com).

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