Abstract
This article re-evaluates the historical research on the carnivalesque rituals that arrived in Van Diemen’s Land (VDL) with British convicts, their colonial minders and free settlers. The revaluation deploys more theoretically informed understandings of carnivalesque ritual (using Bakhtin, Zemon Davis, le Roy Ladurie, Bristol, Underdown, Durston and others), coupled with more recent historical understandings of carnivalesque ritual in Britain at the time of convict transportation and new evidence on how carnivalesque ritual specific to VDL responded to changes in penal policy and practice. It is argued that carnivalesque rituals persisted as a means for building social solidarity, belonging, cultural-political expression and resilience.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
17. Zemon Davis, “Youth Groups,” Citation1971, 43–45; Webb, “Bakhtin,” Citation2005, 122, 132. le Roy Ladurie, “Carnivals in History,” Citation1981, 57.
21. The Austral-Asian Review, “Regatta,” November 27, 1838, 7; The Austral-Asian Review. “Regatta,” November 26, 1839, 4; The Colonial Times, “The Review and the Regatta,” December 17, 1839, 4; The Courier, “Sturm und Drang,” December 1, 1840, 2.
22. Hone, The Everyday Book, 1825, 1–5; Dickens, Scenes, Citation1839, 1.
25. Maxwell Stewart and Quinlan, “Unfree,” Citation2022, 12–18.
28. Atkinson, “Four Patterns,” Citation1979, 28–35; Johnston, “Awful,” Citation2016, 4; Tuffin et al., “Landscapes,” Citation2018, 568–569; Maxwell-Stewart and Quinlan, “Unfree,” Citation2022, 55–84.
29. Maxwell-Stewart and Quinlan, “Unfree,” Citation2022, 75–84.
33. Ibid.,137; Hindmarsh, “Beer,” 1999, 137.
39. Maxwell-Stewart and Quinlan, “Unfree,” Citation2022, 59.
49. See data for these offences in Maxwell-Stewart and Quinlan, “Unfree,” Citation2022, 186.
54. Gray, “Music,” Citation1996, 62; Gleeson, “The Fantasy,” Citation2019, 40; Frost, “Standing Up,” Citation2018, 84–91; Duffield and Bradley, “Representing Convicts,” Citation1997, 113–117; Hindmarsh, ‘Beer’, Citation1999, 154.
56. Gray, “Music,” Citation1996, 61; Gleeson, “The Fantasy,” Citation2019, 40; Frost, “Standing Up,” Citation2018, 84–91; Duffield and Bradley, “Representing Convicts,” Citation1997, 113–117.
80. Wapping History Group, Down Wapping, Citation1988, 42–43.
88. Wapping History Group, Down Wapping, Citation1988, 124; The Launceston Examiner, “Ticket of Leave Holders,” March 8, 1851, 6.
89. The Courier, “Public Amusements,” October 28, 1853, 3.
91. Royal Australian Institute of Architects, Architectural Guide, Citation1984, 16–36.
94. Fun or The Tasmanian Charivari (Hobart Town). ‘May Day’. May 6, 1867, 7.
95. The Cornwall Chronicle, “May-Day,” May 4, 1844, 2; Tasmanian Charivari, ‘May Day’, 1867, 6.
97. The Hobart Town Advertiser,”The First of May,” May 2, 1862.
98. The Mercury. “Jack in the Green Yesterday,” May 2, 1873, 2.
101. Roe, “Broughtons,” Citation1992, 23; The Courier. ‘May Day’. May 3, 1848, 2.
108. The Hobart Town Courier, “Christmas Festival,” January 7, 1832, 2.
109. Mickleborough, “Colonial Debauchery,” Citation2010, 245.
112. The Austral-Australian Review, “Regatta,” 1838, 4.
113. The Courier, “Sturm und Drang,” 1840, 1.
115. The Tasmanian and Australian Advertiser, “The Races,” March 24, 1840, 7.
123. Wapping History Group, Down Wapping, Citation1988, 124.
127. Wapping History Group, Down Wapping, Citation1988, 124.
130. The Launceston Examiner, “Ticket,” 1851, 6.
131. Colonial Times and Tasmanian. “The Act To Regulate The Sale Of Liquors,” November 3, 1854, 2.
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Notes on contributors
Adrian Franklin
Adrian S. Franklin is Professor of Creative Industries and Cultural Policy at the University of South Australia. He has published extensively on topics including cultural policy, cultural history, art publics, festivals, museums, loneliness, social theory, the social bond, human-animal studies, more-than-human studies, posthumanism, travel and tourism and mid-twentieth century design and material cultures.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3207-0498
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