Antileishmanial and cytotoxic activity of secondary metabolites from Taberneamontana ventricosa and two aloe species

Abstract

In this study, the antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of secondary metabolites isolated from Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A. DC., Aloe tororoana Reynolds, and Aloe schweinfurthii var. labworana Reynolds were investigated. Overall, nineteen known compounds were isolated from the three plant species. The compounds were characterized based on their spectroscopic data. Voacristine and aloenin were the most active compounds against promastigotes of antimony-sensitive Leishmania donovani (IC₅₀ 11 ± 5.2 μM and 26 ± 6.5 µM, respectively) with low toxicity against RAW264.7, murine monocyte/macrophage-like cells. The in silico docking evaluation and in vitro NO generation assay also substantially support the antileishmanial effects of these compounds. In a cytotoxicity assay against cancer and normal cell lines, ursolic acid highly inhibited proliferation of lung cancer cells, A549 (IC₅₀ 6.61 ± 0.7 μM) while voacristine was moderately active against human liver cancer cells, HepG2 (IC₅₀ 23.0 ± 0.0 μM). All other compounds were inactive against the test parasites and cell lines.

Keywords:

• Taberneamontana ventricosa
• aloe
• antileishmania
• cytotoxicity
• voacristine
• aloenin
• ursolic acid

Acknowledgements

AM is grateful to the German Academic Exchange Services (DAAD) for a Ph.D. scholarship awarded through the Natural Products Research Network for Eastern and Central Africa (NAPRECA).

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This research was partly supported by small research grants from Busitema University (DGSRI-SRG2020-01).