Remineralization and antibacterial/antibiofilm effects of toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite and Curcuma aeruginosa extract

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAP) and Curcuma aeruginosa (C. aeruginosa) toothpastes on tooth remineralization and antibacterial/antibiofilm activity. Remineralization was evaluated by the morphological changes in extracted human premolar teeth following toothpaste application. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were evaluated by agar diffusion and microdilution methods, respectively, against S. mutans. Statistical approach was utilized to formulate 20 toothpastes with different concentration of nanoHAP and C. aeruginosa. We observed that the interaction among toothpaste ingredients determined the remineralization and antibacterial/antibiofilm activities. The optimum toothpaste formula (OF1) suggested by the prediction model was shown to induce remineralization and have comparable antibacterial activity to that of the control (chlorhexidine gluconate). Furthermore, the antibiofilm activity of this formula was higher to that of the control. The result obtained indicate that these novel toothpastes have potential in decreasing caries prevalence.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Bioactive
• calcium phosphate
• caries
• essential oil
• toothpaste

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan) RISPRO Program (PRJ-31/LPDP/2019). We thank Prof. Dr. Irmanida Batubara, and Prof. Dr. Y. Aris Purwanto for insightful comments.