A review of the phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology and biological activities of Teucrium genus (Germander)

Abstract

Teucrium L (Lamiaceae) is mainly distributed in the Mediterranean area. A comprehensive survey in the electronic databases (during 2000–2020 years) with keywords of ‘Teucrium’ and ‘Germander’ showed that chemical analyses are available for 27 species, with sesquiterpenoids, iridoids, di and triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds as identified structures. The neo-clerodane diterpenoids as potential chemotaxonomic markers were the main compounds of this genus. As a result, Italy and Turkey have good attempts at phytochemical analysis. The pharmacological activities of different species including antioxidant, cytotoxic activity, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-insect have been summarized. Teucrium polium and Teucrium chamaedrys mainly have been used in digestive problems and diabetes in traditional medicine. Evidence-based clinical trials are needed to confirm the therapeutic properties of this genus. As well to the popularity of Asian and Anatolian species as ingredients in contemporary medicines and products, further research is required in comparison to European species.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Teucrium genus
• germander
• neo-clerodane diterpenoids
• ethnopharmacology

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding publication of this Paper.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.