Garcicowanones C-E, three new hydrated-geranylated xanthones from the roots of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy, and their α-glucosidase inhibition activities

Abstract

Three new xanthones, garcicowanones C-E (1 − 3), and six known xanthones (4 − 9) were isolated from the roots of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy. Their chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic technics, including HR-ESI-MS and 2 D NMR. All isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition. Cowanol (6) and norcowanin (8) had the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with respective IC₅₀ values of 33.5 ± 0.8 and 17.2 ± 0.3 µM, compared with the positive control, acarbose (IC₅₀ 257.3 ± 4.8 µM).

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Garcinia cowa
• garcicowanone C
• garcicowanone D
• garcicowanone E
• α-glucosidase
• antidiabetic activity

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Acknowledgment

Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 10.13039/100012046 VAST04.08/21-22. Hanoi University of Industry 10.13039/100019207 33-2021-RD/HĐ-ĐHCN. Đại học Công nghiệp Hà Nội 10.13039/100019207.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology under Grant VAST04.08/21-22; and Hanoi University of Industry under Grant 33-2021-RD/HĐ-ĐHCN.