Naringenin biosynthesis and fabrication of naringenin mediated nano silver conjugate for antimicrobial potential

Abstract

The development of resistance, instability and high doses are some drawbacks of biologically active natural products. Modification of natural compounds to make it broad spectrum is the standard approach in drug design. This paper sets to modify the naringenin by silver nanoparticle conjugation to enhance its already reported pharmacological activities. The naringenin-nano silver conjugate was synthesized by one-step green synthesis, that is, sunlight exposure confirmed by UV spectroscopy. The biosynthesized naringenin-nanosilver conjugate was tested for antiacanthamoebal and antimicrobial potential. The antibacterial potential was increased by 5.8–6.14 fold against Gram positive bacteria, that is, S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis and 4.5–13.6 fold against Gram negative bacteria, that is, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The standard naringenin-nanosilver conjugate significantly reduced the LC50 values against the Acanthamoeba cells, by, 66% and 36%, as compared to substrate naringin and standard naringenin respectively while biotransformed naringinin-nanosilver conjugate reduced LC50 by 50.56%, compared with biotransformed naringenin. Hence modification of natural product as nanoconjugate is the best practice for improvement as an effective drug.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Naringinase
• biotransformation
• nanoconjugate
• green synthesis
• Acanthamoeba

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Additional information

Funding

JDS is thankful to CSIR, New Delhi, for the financial assistance under CSIR NET JRF Scheme (File No. 09/728(0037)/2021-EMR-I).