Achyranbidens A–C: three new compounds from Achyranthes bidentata Blume

Abstract

Phytochemical study on the roots of Achyranthes bidentata Blume led to the isolation of sixteen compounds including three new ones (1–3). Their chemical structures were determined as oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranoside) (1), methyl (8Z,11Z)-5,6,7-trihydroxytetradeca-8,11-dienoate (2), methyl (6E,11Z)-5,8,9-trihydroxytetradeca-6,11-dienoate (3), fulgidic acid (4), (9E,11E)-13-oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (5), (9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoic acid (6), oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (7), oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (8), oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (9), oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (10), blumenol C glucoside (11), citroside A (12), 6S,9S-roseoside (13), ginsenoside Rg1 (14), 20-hydroxyecdysone (15), and benzyl α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (16) by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1, 7 and 11–16 inhibited NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with IC₅₀ values in the range from 28.03 to 54.23 µM (positive control, L-NMMA: IC₅₀ = 35.52 µM). Compounds 14 and 15 showed anti α-glucosidase activity with IC₅₀ values of 176.24 and 156.92 µM, respectively, compared with the positive control, acarbose, IC₅₀ = 160.99 μM.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Achyranthes bidentata
• Amaranthaceae
• achyranbiden A
• achyranbiden B
• achyranbiden C
• NO production inhibitory activity
• antidiabetic activity

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Dr Nguyen The Cuong at the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST for the plant identification.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 104.01-2019.322.