Cyclic hardening of metallic glasses under Hertzian contacts: Experiments and STZ dynamics simulations

Abstract

A combined program of experiments and simulations is used to study the problem of cyclic indentation loading on metallic glasses. The experiments use a spherical nanoindenter tip to study shear band formation in three glasses (two based on Pd and one on Fe), after subjecting the glass to cycles of load in the nominal elastic range. In all three glasses, such elastic cycles lead to significant increases in the load required to subsequently trigger the first shear band. This cyclic hardening occurs progressively over several cycles, but eventually saturates. The effect requires cycles of sufficient amplitude and is not induced by sustained loading alone. The simulations employed a new shear transformation zone (STZ) dynamics code to reveal the local STZ operations that occur beneath an indenter during cycling. These results reveal a plausible mechanism for the observed cyclic hardening: local regions of confined microplasticity can develop progressively over several cycles, without being detectable in the global load–displacement response. It is inferred that significant structural change must attend such microplasticity, leading to hardening of the glass.

Keywords:

• metallic glass
• cyclic deformation
• fatigue
• nanoindentation

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-08-10312. The authors would like to thank Dr Y. Li (National University of Singapore) and Dr J. Shen (Harbin Institute of Technology) for providing the glasses used in this work. Additionally, CEP would like to thank Lisa Witmer for assistance with data collection. ERH gratefully acknowledges financial support through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) fellowship with support from the Army Research Office (ARO). NA wishes to express gratitude to King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) for their financial support.

Notes

Note

1. The effect of system size and tip radius are found to have a negligible effect on the overall nature of deformation by running a monotonic loading test using an indenter radius of 100 nm and a system size of 250 by 100 nm (data not shown).