Plasticity of Mg–Gd alloys between 4 K and 298 K

Abstract

Mechanisms of strength and ductility in textured Mg–Gd binary alloys are investigated under conditions of uniaxial tension and compression at 4.2, 78 and 298 K. The alloys obey solution strengthening relationships between the critical stress and the concentration of the solute c, which scales as , with n assuming values 0.30–0.53 for tension and 0.73–0.87 for compression. The results suggest that Gd solute hardens the compressive yield modes more than the tensile yield modes, with basal slip and extension twinning being the principal yielding mechanisms in tension and compression. Temperature dependence of the yield stress and stress suggests contribution of non-basal slip systems to the yielding of alloys. Twinning accounts for more than 80% of sample strain in the first 7% of compression, resulting in characteristic S-shape flow curves with four hardening stages. The work hardening in Stage A is determined by the extension twins propagating throughout primary grains and interacting with grain boundaries. Slip-twin interactions control the work hardening rate during Stage B, whereas slip–slip interactions determine the work hardening in fully twinned materials during Stage C and D. Under tension twining is less active, the plastic flow is associated with Stage III of work hardening, determined predominantly by slip–slip interactions. Increasing Gd concentration in the alloys leads to the reduction of tension–compression asymmetry, in agreement with results in the literature. Addition of Gd influences the failure and promotes ductile, transgranular fracture mode in Mg–Gd alloys down to the low temperatures. It is argued that Gd improves the cohesion strength of grain boundaries, which suppresses intergranular failure and affects favourably ductility of Mg–Gd alloys.

Keywords:

• Mg–Gd alloys
• mechanical properties
• work hardening
• strengthening mechanisms
• twinning
• ductility
• fracture

Acknowledgements

Financial support from NSERC and GM Canada under the program: “Origins of strength and ductility in Mg-RE solid solutions” is gratefully acknowledged.

Notes

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

Financial support from NSERC and GM Canada under the NSERC–GM CRD grant.