Concurrent (Fe,Mo)₂C carbides and Cu-rich clusters precipitation in ferritic steel containing copper during aging

ABSTRACT

The concurrent (Fe,Mo)₂C carbides and Cu-rich clusters precipitation in the ferritic steel containing copper after aging at 400°C for 4000 h have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). The results show that spinodal decomposition and an atomic ordering reaction occur in the ferritic steel containing copper. After aging, the retained austenite decomposed by the spinodal mechanism into C-rich and C-lean regions. The C-rich phase transforms into the (Fe,Mo)₂C carbides via the ordering reaction, while Cu-rich clusters formed in the C-lean regions. The experimental results can be interpreted on the basis of phase separation via spinodal decomposition followed by chemical ordering. The small size of Cu-rich clusters can be attributed to the lower diffusion coefficient of Cu in the retained austenite.

KEYWORDS:

• Spinodal composition
• atom probe tomography (APT)
• ordering
• phase transformation

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant [No. 51271111].