Proteomic alterations in patients with atopic dermatitis

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease with a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis. The use of proteomics in understanding AD has yielded the discovery of novel biomarkers and may further expand therapeutic options.

Areas Covered

This review summarizes the most recent proteomic studies and the methodologies used in AD. It describes novel biomarkers that may monitor disease course and therapeutic response. The review also highlights skin and blood biomarkers characterizing different AD phenotypes and differentiates AD from other inflammatory skin disorders. A literature search was conducted by querying Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed/Medline, and Clinicaltrials.gov up to June 2023.

Expert Opinion

The integration of proteomics into research efforts in atopic dermatitis has broadened our understanding of the molecular profile of AD through the discovery of new biomarkers. In addition, proteomics may contribute to the development of targeted treatments ultimately improving personalized medicine. An increasing number of studies are utilizing proteomics to explore this heterogeneous disease.

KEYWORDS:

• Atopic dermatitis
• proteomics
• microbiome
• biomarkers
• OLINK
• SOMAscan
• mass spectrometry

Article highlights

• Proteomics in AD has helped identify biomarkers related to AD pathogenesis, disease onset, and therapeutic response.

• Proteomic studies have revealed novel biomarkers that correlate with disease severity.

• Proteomics has identified diverse AD signatures across age, disease onset, IgE status, and ethnicity/race.

• Proteomics has contributed to further understanding the microbiome in AD, showing how microbial composition can relate to disease severity.

• Integrating proteomics, transcriptomics, and machine learning in clinical settings holds promise for improving therapeutic outcomes.

Declaration of interest

Emma Guttman has served as a consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, Allergan, Asana Bioscience, Celgene, Concert, Dermira, DS Bio- pharma, Escalier, Galderma, Glenmark, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharmaceuticals, Lilly, Mit- subishi Tanabe, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Union Therapeutics; a member of advisory boards of Allergan, Asana Bioscience, Celgene, DBV, Dermavant, Dermira, Escalier, Galderma, Glenmark, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi; and a recipient of research grants from AbbVie, AnaptysBio, AntibioTx, Asana Bioscience, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene, DBV, Dermavant, DS Biopharma, Galderma, Glenmark, Innovaderm, Janssen Biotech, Kiniska Pharma, LEO Pharmaceuticals, Lilly, Medimmune, Sienna Biopharmaceuticals, Novan, Novartis, Ralexar, Regeneron, Pfizer, UCB, and Union Therapeutics. Ashley Obi, Camille Rothenberg-Lausell, Sophia Levit, and Ester Del Duca have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Reviewer disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This paper received no funding.