Innovation, traditional knowledge and awareness lead to good practices for avoiding biodiversity loss in the Sahara

Abstract

The creation and sound management of large protected areas in the Sahara is a sure means to addressing biodiversity loss. However, achieving this goal is rarely accepted by all the stakeholders involved and can generate confusion and instability: leading to land degradation instead of sustainable use of natural resources. Water is a key resource in the desert and governments, supported by donors and development partners, are willing to multiply boreholes and provide free water to a maximum number of herders ignoring that this can lead to overgrazing, habitat loss and desertification. Over the years, several innovative conservation projects in eastern Niger have been undertaken, run by the NGO Sahara Conservation Fund (SCF), with the support of the local population. Amongst these initiatives, a management committee composed of local leaders, community game guards and project staff was set up to assist with habitat protection in the Termit Massif: the last stronghold for an amazing array of species including the critically endangered dama gazelle and addax. Traditionally, the pastures of the Termit Massif are used by herders when pasture areas around the permanent wells outside of the Massif is not good enough. By curtailing the sinking of wells in the Massif, the management committee is endeavouring to manage sustainably the area’s precious and fragile natural resources. This article argues that innovation, awareness and traditional knowledge are a good combination to develop wise practices leading to sustainable use of the scarce natural resources for the benefit of both local communities and wildlife. Examples of the practices developed by the project are presented in this article and the challenges faced for the management of the recently gazetted Termit & Tin Toumma National Nature Reserve discussed.

Keywords:

• Sahara
• conservation
• wildlife
• pastoralism
• awareness

Acknowledgements

First of all, we would like to thank Roland Tapia for his motivation and amazing commitment to the environment in Niger and as well the local communities of the Termit & Tin Toumma National Nature Reserve for their ongoing support. Secondly, the activities described in this article would not have been possible without the support of the Nigerien Government, the Convention on Migratory Species, the European Union and the French Global Environment Facility. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful and relevant comments and Timothy Wacher for his inputs and review of this article.