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Original Articles

Articulating a systematic phenomenology of flow: an experience-process perspective

Pages 327-360 | Received 01 May 2010, Accepted 01 Aug 2010, Published online: 05 Nov 2010
 

Abstract

Today, the term “flow” stands as an established metaphorical expression for the dynamic flowing nature of experience that follows the optimal functioning of consciousness. Such expressions are most likely to be associated with the perspective of positive psychology, wherein there has been a thematic shift in discourse concerning flow theory with contemporary proponents predominantly referring to the existing flow framework, channelling their efforts into furthering the scope of its application. This shift has diverted researchers from seeking answers to more fundamental questions, such as gaining an understanding of the experiential nature and significance of what goes before and after flow. This article documents the first research to focus on flow as a broader experiential whole and, more specifically, on flow as a process-experience. The aim of this research was, through phenomenological inquiry, to bring clarity to the experiential, conceptual and theoretical uncertainty surrounding what goes before and after a state of flow, to provide a more complete, holistic and systematic understanding of the flow experience. More specifically, this research is situated within serious leisure [Stebbins, R.A. (Citation1992). Amateurs, professionals, and serious leisure. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen's University Press; Stebbins, R.A. (Citation1992). Loisir et société/Society and Leisure, 15, 375–386; Stebbins, R.A. (Citation2007). Serious leisure: A perspective of our time. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine]. An experience-process perspective of flow-based serious leisure was developed building upon the key findings of the research to depict flow as the focal state of mind in a broader, more expansive, multi-phased and multi-dimensional experiential process comprising three distinctive phases of experience, identified as pre-flow experience; flow-in-action; and post-flow experience.

Le concept « flow » ou l'état psychologique optimal est un concept théorique qui reconnait et mesure la nature dynamique entre l'expérience, le fonctionnement optimal et la conscience. Tandis que ces concepts traditionnels du « flow » sont souvent reliés à une psychologie positive, plusieurs chercheurs ont pris tendance à s'éloigner du contenu classique pour plutôt développer une conception plus objective et normative de ses caractéristiques structurelle et expérientielle du « flow ». Cette tendance a relié l'état psychologique optimal a une approche traditionnelle n'encourage pas les chercheurs a cherché les réponses a d'autres questions plus fondamentales du « flow », comme pour exemple, comment acquérir une bonne compréhension de ce qui se passe en amont et aval de l'expérience, et comment reconnaitre les diverses dimensions expérientielle. Avec l'aide d'une approche phénoménologique et compréhensive de l'état psychologique optimal, cette recherche innovatrice incorpore les dimensions expérientielle du « flow » et les processus dimensionnels du « flow ». L'objectif principal de cet article est d'apporter un peu de clarté à l'incertitude conceptuelle et théorique entourant ce qui se passe avant et après l'état psychologique optimal, et de lui fournir une compréhension plus complète, globale et systématique de l'expérience. Plus précisément, l'état psychologique optimal est incorporé avec les loisirs sérieux, tels que développés par Stebbins (Stebbins, R.A. (Citation1992). Amateurs, professionals, and serious leisure. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen's University Press; Stebbins, R.A. (Citation1992). Loisir et société/Society and Leisure, 15, 375–386; Stebbins, R.A. (Citation2007). Serious leisure: A perspective of our time. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine). Les trois phases du « flow » : les expériences amont et aval et le « flow » en action, sont une reconnaissance des aspects multidimensionnels du « flow » qui nous donne une perspective plus complète de l'état psychologique optimal.

Acknowledgements

The author thanks the editor and two reviewers for their extremely helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper.

Notes

1. For a more detailed account of the research process undertaken, see Elkington (Citation2008).

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