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Articles

A mixed-method analysis of free-time involvement and motivation among adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa

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Pages 227-252 | Received 01 Jan 2011, Accepted 01 May 2011, Published online: 15 Sep 2011
 

Abstract

Using focus group (N = 114) and survey (N = 946) data, this study employed self-determination theory (SDT) as an organizing framework to examine free-time use and motivation among predominantly mixed-race adolescents from one area in South Africa. Adolescents reported participating in a broad range of activities, with socializing, media use, sports, risk behaviour and performing arts being the most frequently mentioned. All of the motivation types proposed by SDT were spontaneously mentioned by focus group participants. Free time was most strongly characterized by intrinsic motivations, such as competence, relatedness and positive affect. Activities were also seen as a way to achieve outside goals. With few exceptions, multiple motivations were identified for the same activities, and specific motivations were reported across multiple activity types. The findings suggest that positive motivational experiences were not limited to a specific subset of activities. However, future longitudinal research on participation, motivation and outcomes is needed to determine the developmental implications of different forms of free-time motivation.

Avec l'aide de groupe de discussion (N = 114) et questionnaire (N = 946) cette étude a put analyser la théorie de l'autodétermination (SDT) comme cadre d'organisation, d'utilisation du temps libre et de motivation chez des adolescents Sud-Africain majoritairement de race mixte. Les adolescents ont déclaré qu'ils participent à un large éventail d'activités, avec la socialisation, l'utilisation des médias, les sports, les comportements à risque, et les arts étant les plus fréquemment mentionnés. Tous les types de motivation proposés par SDT ont été spontanément évoqués par les participants aux groupes de discussion. Le temps libre a été le plus fortement caractérisé par des motivations intrinsèques, telles que la compétence, la parenté, et l'effet positif. Certaines activités ont également été perçues comme un moyen pour atteindre d'autres objectifs. À quelques exceptions multiples motivations ont été identifiés pour les mêmes activités, et des motivations spécifiques ont été signalées à travers divers types d'activités. Les résultats suggèrent que ces expériences positives ne sont pas limitées à un sous-ensemble d'activités spécifique. Toutefois, l'avenir de la recherche longitudinale sur la participation, la motivation sont nécessaires pour déterminer les implications du temps libre.

Acknowledgements

This research was funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants R01 DA01749, T32 DA017629-01A1 and F31 AA017014-01 (to M. Patrick). The views expressed here are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NIH. The authors thank Lisa Wegner, Xavier September and Inshaaf Evans for their assistance in focus group and interview scheduling, participant recruitment, focus group recording and transcript checking.

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