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Articles

Seeking alternatives in therapeutic recreation/recreation therapy: a social/recreation community model

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Pages 1-23 | Received 02 Dec 2015, Accepted 07 Mar 2017, Published online: 29 Nov 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Controversy concerning the medical model within the therapeutic recreation (TR) community has a long history. Authors have contested the legitimacy of the medical model in TR, arguing that a social model is more suitable. In keeping with the recent call to continue conversations about re-imagining TR, the purpose of this article was to identify and describe a theoretical framework for changing the environment through recreation relationships instead of rehabilitating the person. The construction of TR’s history cannot be understood solely based on the medical model. Another history arose from a heritage social concern, later correlating with the disability rights movement. We further explored the theoretical and research evidence for a ‘contra-therapy’ understanding of TR. Belongingness was identified as a concept that articulated well with the alternative view of TR based largely on the social model. Lastly, the implications of adopting a social/recreation community model are reviewed.

RÉSUMÉ

La controverse concernant le modèle médical au sein de la communauté thérapeutique récréative possède une longue histoire. Des auteurs ont contesté la légitimité du modèle médical de la thérapie récréative, en alléguant qu’un modèle social est plus adapté. Dans la lignée de l’appel récent à poursuivre la conversation de redéfinition de la thérapie récréative, la présente étude vise à identifier et à décrire un cadre théorique visant à modifier l’environnement par l’entremise de relations de loisir plutôt que par la réadaptation de la personne. La construction de l’histoire de la thérapie récréative ne peut être uniquement comprise à partir du modèle médical. Un autre angle d’analyse a surgi d’une préoccupation sociale patrimoniale, par la suite corrélée au mouvement pour les droits des personnes handicapées. Nous explorons plus en profondeur les preuves théoriques et expérimentales pouvant fournir une compréhension de type “contre-thérapie” de la thérapie récréative. L’appartenance a été identifiée comme un concept se prêtant bien à la vision alternative de la thérapie récréative basée largement sur le modèle social. Enfin, les implications de l’adoption d’un modèle de communauté sociale/de loisir sont revisitées.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. The greatest barrier that people with disabilities and special needs experience related to inclusion in leisure and other life domains are the attitudinal barriers of people without disabilities or special needs (Dattilo, Citation2012).

2. Ernest C. Moore lived at Hull-House as a volunteer while working on Ph.D. at the University of Chicago and part of his doctoral labour was investigating the social values of salons (e.g. social centres of a community) in order to make environmental change (e.g. creation of community centre without alcohol; see Bryan & Davis, Citation1990). Moore became a successful faculty member teaching at Harvard, Yale, and at UCLA.

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