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Original Article

Tinnitus impairs cognitive efficiency

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Pages 218-226 | Received 17 Jun 2002, Accepted 05 May 2003, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Many people who complain of tinnitus say that the noises impair their mental concentration. This complaint was investigated by self-report (primarily the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire) and by means of five cognitive tasks, four presented via laptop computer and one given manually. The tasks measured performance under single and dual-task conditions and included tests of sustained attention, reaction time, verbal fluency and immediate and delayed memory. Two groups of outpatients attending audiological clinics (tinnitus, n = 43; hearing impairment, n = 17) were compared with non-clinical volunteers (n = 32). The results replicated earlier findings that tinnitus outpatients report significantly more everyday cognitive failures than do controls. The tinnitus group responded significantly more slowly than the two control groups on the variable fore-period reaction time task under dual-task conditions. In general, comparisons between the groups on other tasks showed equivalent performance, but both clinical groups performed more poorly than non-clinical controls on verbal fluency. We conclude that cognitive inefficiency in tinnitus participants is related to the control of attentional processes, consistent with our earlier theoretical speculation about the nature of tinnitus complaint and with published findings on the effects of chronic pain on cognitive processes.

Sumario

Muchas personas que se quejan de acúfeno dicen que afecta su concentración mental. Esto fue investigado por medio de auto-reportes (principalmente el Cuestionario de Fallas Cognitivas) y de cinco tareas cognitivas: cuatro presentadas en una computadora portátil y una manual. Las tareas midieron el desempeño en tareas sencillas o dobles e incluyeron pruebas de mantenimiento de la atención, tiempo de reacción, fluidez verbal y memoria anterógrada y retrógrada. Dos grupos de pacientes ambulatorios de clínicas audiológicas (acúfeno, n = 43; hipoacusia, n = 17) se compararon con voluntarios normales (n = 32). Los resultados coincidieron con hallazgos anteriores en los que pacientes con acúfeno reportaron significativamente más fallas cognitivas que los controles. El grupo de acúfeno respondió significativamente mas despacio que los dos grupos control en el tiempo de reacción inmediata en condiciones de tareas dobles. En general, las comparaciones entre grupos en otras tareas mostraron un rendimiento equivalente pero los dos grupos clínicos se desempeñaron más pobremente en fluidez verbal que los controles. Concluimos que la eficiencia cognitiva en los participantes con acúfeno se relaciona con el control de los procesos de atención y que son consistentes con nuestra especulación teórica anterior acerca de la naturaleza de las quejas por acúfeno y con los hallazgos publicados sobre los efectos del dolor crónico en los procesos cognitivos

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