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Original Article

Some effects of aging on event-related potentials during a linguistic monitoring task

Algunos efectos del envejecimiento sobre los potenciales relacionados con el evento durante una tarea de monitoreo lingüístico

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Pages 321-330 | Received 29 Oct 2004, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Two groups of adults, one young and one elderly, were compared on a dichotic task in which continuous speech was monitored for grammatically and semantically anomalous words. Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by these anomalies were analyzed in terms of peak amplitude and peak latency of the evoked late-positive component (LPC). Results showed that while LPC peak amplitudes were overall reduced for the group of seniors, LPC peak latencies were similar between both groups of listeners. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that elderly persons can offset declines in memory, perceptual processes, and speed of mental processing by taking advantage of contextual and prosodic cues in running speech. Additionally, an apparently asymmetric processing negativity was observed in the waveforms of young adults but not seniors. Possible mechanisms include the N400 response to semantic incongruity and a processing negativity component associated with attentional bias toward right hemispace.

Abbreviations
ERP=

event-related potential

LPC=

late positive component

NT=

non-target

TR=

target right

TL=

target left

Abbreviations
ERP=

event-related potential

LPC=

late positive component

NT=

non-target

TR=

target right

TL=

target left

Sumario

Se comparó el desempeño de dos grupos de adultos, uno joven y otro viejo, en una prueba dicótica en la que el lenguaje continuo se monitorizó buscando palabras alteradas gramatical y semánticamente. Se analizaron los potenciales relacionados con el evento (ERP) generados por estas anomalías, en términos de pico de amplitud y pico de latencia del componente evocado tardío positivo (LPC). Los resultados mostraron que, mientras la amplitud pico del LPC estuviera reducida globalmente para el grupo de ancianos, la latencia pico del LPC era similar entre ambos grupos de sujetos. Estos hallazgos son consistentes con la hipótesis de que las personas mayores pueden compensar decrementos en memoria, procesos perceptuales y velocidad del procesamiento mental, aprovechándose de claves prosódicas y de contexto, en el lenguaje corrido. Además, una aparente negatividad asimétrica de procesamiento fue observada en las ondas de los adultos jóvenes pero no en los viejos. Los mecanismos incluyen la respuesta N400 ante incongruencias semánticas y un componente negativo de procesamiento asociado con un sesgo de atención hacia el hemisferio derecho

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