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Original article

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions: An objective technique for the screening of hearing loss in children treated with platin derivatives

Emisiones otoacústicas por productos de distorsión: Una técnica objetiva para el tamizaje de trastornos auditivos en niños tratados con derivados de cisplatino

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Pages 337-343 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

In order to develop a sensitive audiometric protocol for identifying ototoxicity in children, a retrospective study of 16 children treated with cisplatin and/or carboplatin was performed. Audiometric testing was done by means of pure-tone threshold audiometry (PTA), high-frequency audiometry (HFA), and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).

Cisplatin caused a sensorineural high-frequency hearing loss in the study group compared to the controls (p < 0.01). Sixty-six percent of the cisplatin patients had a grade 2 or 3 ototoxicity. However, ototoxicity was not found in the patients treated with carboplatin. An excellent correlation was found between DPOAE levels and results obtained by audiometry (r = 0.82).

Patients exposed to cisplatin are at significant risk for the development of drug-induced sensorineural hearing loss. Because of the several advantages of DPOAEs (noninvasive, objective, rapid, easy to use, sensitive) this method should be added in the audiological follow-up in infants and toddlers.

Sumario

Con el fin de desarrollar un protocolo audiométrico sensible para identificar ototoxicidad en niños se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en 16 niños tratados con cisplatino y/o carboplatino. La evaluación audiométrica se realizó por medio de audiometría tonal umbral (PTA), audiometría de altas frecuencias (HFA) y emisiones otoacústicas por productos de distorsión (DPOAE). El cisplatino causó una hipoacusia sensorineural en frecuencias agudas en el grupo de estudio comparado con los controles (p < 0.01). No se encontró ototoxicidad en los pacientes tratados con carboplatino. Sin embargo, el 66% de los pacientes con cisplatino tuvieron una ototoxicidad grado 2 ó 3. Se encontró una excelente correlación entre los niveles de las DPOAE y los resultados obtenidos por audiometría (r = 0.82). Los pacientes expuestos al cisplatino están en un riesgo significativo de hipoacusia sensorineural inducida por medicamentos. Debido a varias ventajas de las DPOAE (no invasivas, objetivas, rápidas, fáciles de utilizar, sensibles), este método debe ser incorporado en el seguimiento audiológico de infantes y niños pequeños.

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