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Original Article

Developmental constraints on language development in children with cochlear implants

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Pages 512-523 | Received 12 Mar 2007, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Research on pediatric cochlear implantation has frequently shown that speech perception, speech production, and language outcomes are better for children who are implanted earlier in life than later. These findings are often explained on the grounds that earlier implantation takes advantage of a critical or sensitive period. This paper reviews the literature concerning sensitive periods within the framework of speech and language development. It particularly emphasizes two alternate mechanisms proposed for these periods: an experience-independent mechanism, and an experience-dependent mechanism. Based on this literature review we proposed that research in the field of pediatric cochlear implantation needs to carefully define what kind of evidence is needed to reflect a sensitive period for speech and language learning. The field also needs to consider designing studies that allow the viability of these two mechanisms to be tested. An example of such a study is provided within.

Sumario

La investigación sobre la implantación coclear pediátrica ha mostrado con frecuencia que la percepción y la producción del lenguaje, y los resultados finales de adquisición del lenguaje son mejores en niños que se implantan más tempranamente que tarde en la vida. Estos hallazgos a menudo se explican sobre la base de que una implantación temprana saca ventaja de un período sensible o crítico. Este artículo revisa la literatura relacionada con los períodos sensibles dentro del marco de desarrollo del habla y el lenguaje. Enfatiza, en particular, dos mecanismos alternativos propuestos para estos períodos: un mecanismo independiente de la experiencia, y un mecanismo dependiente de la experiencia. Con base en esta revisión de la literatura proponemos que la investigación en el campo de la implantación coclear pediátrica necesita definir cuidadosamente qué tipo de evidencia se necesita para reflejar un período sensible en el aprendizaje del habla y el lenguaje. Este campo necesita también considerar el diseño de estudios que permitan evaluar la viabilidad de estos dos mecanismos. Se incluye un ejemplo de tal estudio.

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