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Original Articles

Hearing Impairment in 2008: A compilation of available epidemiological studies

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Pages 473-485 | Received 29 Aug 2008, Published online: 13 Aug 2009
 

Abstract

A data bank of prevalence of hearing impairment for monitoring and implementation of programmes at national or global level and for the estimate of the global burden has been established. A systematic search was conducted of random-sample population-based studies of bilateral hearing impairment with clearly defined hearing threshold levels. Fifty-three studies from 31 countries from all WHO regions were found to meet the selection criteria. The prevalence of mild and disabling hearing impairment and other details from the studies are reported by WHO region. Although a large number of studies were found, only a small number among them were suitable surveys of prevalence of bilateral hearing impairment in the general population. Hearing impairment is a major disability that should be monitored at all ages: more population-based surveys are needed in all regions of the world. Utilization of the WHO protocol is recommended for collection and analysis of data in standard ways; especially recommended is the use of WHO threshold levels and to report the prevalence of bilateral impairment, both of which required to calculate burden.

Sumario

Se ha establecido un banco de datos de prevalencia de trastornos auditivos para el monitoreo y la implementación de programas a nivel nacional y global, y para la estimación del impacto global. Se condujo una búsqueda sistemática de estudios basadas en la población y de muestra aleatoria, sobre el impedimento auditivo bilateral con umbrales auditivos claramente definidos. Se encontraron cincuenta y tres estudios de 31 países de todas las regiones de la OMS que cumplieran los criterios de selección. La prevalencia del impedimento auditivo leve y el discapacitante, y otros detalles de dichos estudios se reportan por región de la OMS. Aunque se encontró un número grande de estudios, sólo un pequeño número de ellos fueron encuestas apropiadas de prevalencia de un impedimento auditivo bilateral en la población general. El impedimento auditivo es una discapacidad mayor que debería ser monitoreada en todas las edades: se necesitan más encuestas basadas en la población en todas las regiones del mundo. Se recomienda la utilización del protocolo de la OMS para la recolección y el análisis de los datos en forma estándar; se recomienda especialmente el uso de los niveles umbrales de la OMS y el reporte de la prevalencia de impedimentos bilaterales, ambos requeridos para calcular el impacto del problema.

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