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Original Articles

Age-related hearing loss in four Italian genetic isolates: An epidemiological study

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Pages 465-472 | Received 24 Jun 2008, Published online: 13 Aug 2009
 

Abstract

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment in four genetically isolated Italian villages (Carlantino, Campora, Gioi-Cardile, and Stoccareddo), 1682 subjects were recruited from all the individuals participating in a multidisciplinary study. They underwent otoscopy and pure-tone audiometry and completed a questionnaire. The audiological data show that the percentage of impaired people increases with age and in particular becomes relevant aged over 40. For this reason we decided to compare the PTA values of individuals aged 40 or older. The PTA values of Stoccareddo and Carlantino are statistically different from PTAs of the other villages. Campora and Gioi-Cardile, both located within the Cilento National Park, have similar middle-low frequency PTA values while some differences are present at high frequencies. Using pedigrees it was possible to calculate the heritability of the trait. For Carlantino and Gioi-Cardile the percentage of the phenotype variation attributable to genetic variation is not significant, while for Campora the heritability value is 0.49 (p = 0.01) suggesting that genetic factors may have an important role.

Sumario

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de trastornos auditivos en cuatro villas italianas genéticamente aisladas (Carlantino, Campora, Gioi-Cardile y Stoccareddo); se reclutaron 1628 sujetos de todos los individuos que participaban en un estudio multidisciplinario. Se les practicó otoscopía y a audiometría tonal pura y completaron un cuestionario. Los datos audiológicos muestran que el porcentaje de individuos con alteraciones aumenta con la edad y que se vuelve particularmente relevante en edades por encima de los 40. Por esta razón decidimos comparar los valores PTA de los individuos de 40 años o mayores. Los valores PTA de Stoccareddo y Carlantino son estadísticamente diferentes de los PTA de las otras villas. Campora y Gioi-Cardile, ambas localizadas dentro del Parque Nacional Cilento, tiene valores PTA similares en las frecuencias medias, en tanto que existen algunas diferencias en las frecuencias agudas. Utilizando estudios de linaje fue posible calcular la tendencia hereditaria de los rasgos. Para Carlantino y Gioi-Cardile el porcentaje de variación del fenotipo, atribuible a variaciones genéticas, no es significativo, mientras que el valor de heredabilidad para Campora es 0.49 (p = 0.01), sugiriendo que los factores genéticos pueden tener un papel significativo.

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