Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Chinese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Management of Child Hearing Loss

Abstract

Objective

The current study aims to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Management of Child Hearing Loss (AAQ-MCHL) scale to Chinese caregivers of children with hearing loss (CHL) and verify its psychometric characteristics.

Design

This is a cross-sectional design of psychometric validation study.

Study sample

In total, 135 caregivers of CHL were invited to participate in the study, and complete data from 125 participants were used to analyse internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, structural validity, criterion validity, and the optimal cut-off score of AAQ-MCHL.

Results

Through careful and complete translation and adaptation, the Chinese version of AAQ-MCHL was successfully created. The Chinse version of the AAQ-MCHL had good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, structural validity, and criterion validity. Our results also showed that poorer speech performance in CHL was a strong predictor of parental psychological inflexibility.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the AAQ-MCHL could be used as an outcome indicator to evaluate the psychological inflexibility of caregivers of CHL in mainland China, and we suggest that early interventionists should be aware of signs of elevated psychological inflexibility in caregivers of CHL.

Keywords:

• AAQ-MCHL
• caregivers
• cross-cultural adaptation
• hearing loss
• psychological inflexibility

Acknowledgments

We like to extend our thanks to Philip H.-S. Jen of the University of Missouri-Columbia, and Yuanhua Zheng of Binzhou Medical University for their generous assistance during this study.

Ethical approval

The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board of Binzhou Medical University (protocol code BMU-IRB-2020-54, approved on 7 April 2020).

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article are available on request from the authors, without undue reservation.

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by the Preliminary Research on Hygiene and Health Standardization in Public Health of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (BZ2022-Q038), Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (18YJC740128), National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2021MC052), Postgraduate Education Quality Improvement Plan in Shandong Province, China (SDYAL19164), Research Start-up Fund Project of Binzhou Medical University, China (BY2017KYQD05).