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Abstract
Work directed rehabilitation is seen in this article as a type of workfare introduced within social insurance. The purpose of introducing workfare into social insurance in Sweden 1992 was to decrease sick leaves through early and active rehabilitation. The article examines why work directed rehabilitation as workfare was not successful. The barriers to rehabilitation outcome discussed in this article are based on the empirical results of three different studies of work directed rehabilitation. Primary obstacles to work directed rehabilitation were found to be changing definitions of work capacity within the regular labor market, inability to influence change in the organization of work, unwillingness of grass‐root bureaucrats to accept workfare in public health insurance, and changing attitudes of the Swedish population towards the concept of work capacity.
