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Abstract
Abrupt pH changes from hatchery to pond water may affect survival of Goldfish Carassius auratus fry after stocking. A total of 12 triplicate pH treatments ranging from 3.57 to 11.50 were used to assess a gradient of abrupt pH changes on survival of 3-d posthatch (dph) Goldfish fry in aquaria during a 24-h exposure experiment. The experiment indicated that the 24-h LC10, LC50, and LC90 pH values for 3 dph Goldfish fry was 9.99, 10.52, and 11.08, respectively, based on an initial pH = 8.38. When pH was decreased below 8.38, the 24-h LC10, LC50, and LC90 occurred at a pH of 4.68, 4.27, and 3.89, respectively. Baitfish farmers should avoid pond water with high pH to reduce fry mortality during the early fry stocking period when the upper lethal pH limit (i.e., LC10, for practical consideration) of 9.99 will become possible.
Received July 2, 2013; accepted August 30, 2013
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank the State of Arkansas (the 1890 State Match Fund, number 111-23-11110491) for providing financial support for this project. Nathan Stone, Todd Sink, Lin Xie, and Michael Eggleton provided constructive suggestions on the earlier draft of the paper.