Boron Toxicity Alters Nitrate Reductase Activity, Proline Accumulation, Membrane Permeability, and Mineral Constituents of Tomato and Pepper Plants

ABSTRACT

Boron (B) toxicity is an important disorder that can limit plant growth on soils of arid and semi arid environments throughout the world. Although of considerable agronomic importance, our understanding of B toxicity is rather fragmented and limited. The effects of increasing levels of B (0, 0.5, 5, 50 mg kg^{− 1}) on plant growth, proline accumulation, membrane permeability, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), and mineral nutrient interactions of tomato and pepper plants were investigated in greenhouse conditions. Increasing levels of B increased the B contents of plants. Boron toxicity symptoms occurred at 5 and 50 mg kg^{− 1} levels. Fresh and dry weights of the plants clearly decreased with the application of the 50 mg kg^{− 1} level of B. Membrane permeability and proline accumulation were significantly increased by the 50 mg kg^{− 1} level of B. Nitrate reductase activity of tomato plants was increased with increasing levels of B. With the exception of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) in pepper and magnesium (Mg) in tomato, B treatments significantly affected nutrient concentrations of tomato and pepper. Except for sulfur (S) and Ca in tomato, the highest rate of B applied increased the N, phosphorus (P), and K concentrations of tomato and N, P, Mg, and S concentrations of pepper.

Keywords:

• boron toxicity
• membrane permeability
• NRA
• proline

Notes

∗∗P < 0.01, means followed by the same letter in the same column do not differ significantly.

∗∗:P < 0.01, means followed by the same letter in the same column do not differ significantly.

∗: P < 0.05,

∗∗: P < 0.01, means followed by the same letter in the same column do not differ significantly.

∗:P < 0.05,

∗∗:P < 0.01, means followed by the same letter in the same column do not differ significantly.