Suspended Solids in and Turbidity of Runoff from Green Roofs

Abstract

Green roof technology is used to reduce the quantity of stormwater runoff, but questions remain regarding its impact on quality. This study analyzed the total suspended solids (TSS) in and the turbidity of runoff from green roof growth media mixed with composted pine bark in an indoor pot study. The results showed that there were elevated levels of TSS and turbidity in the runoff that decreased over time for all growth media. Both TSS and turbidity are affected by the type of growth media. Lava and haydite had higher mean TSS and mean turbidity than arkalyte and bottom ash. Vegetation reduced the mean turbidity and mean TSS of the first flush by an average of 53% and 63%, respectively, but generally had no statistically significant effect thereafter. The results indicate that the media, rather than the vegetation, has a greater effect on TSS and turbidity in the runoff. In areas with stringent water quality regulations for stormwater runoff from developed sites, media selection may be an important consideration. It may also be necessary in these regions to ensure that the roof is planted prior to receiving rainfall to minimize the first flush effect and that any irrigation does not result in runoff.

KEY WORDS:

• green roof
• vegetated roof
• turbidity
• suspended solids
• stormwater
• water quality

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The plants and growing media were provided by Vic Jost of Jost Greenhouses. Funding was provided by the Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Research Grants for Graduate Students program. We would also like to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Brent Vaughn, SIUE Civil Engineering Lab Specialist.