Phytoremediation Potential of Weeds in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils of the Bassa Industrial Zone of Douala, Cameroon

Abstract

Phytoremediation is a promising option for reclaiming soils contaminated with toxic metals, using plants with high potentials for extraction, stabilization and hyperaccumulation. This study was conducted in Cameroon, at the Bassa Industrial Zone of Douala in 2011, to assess the total content of 19 heavy metals and 5 other elements in soils and phytoremediation potential of 12 weeds. Partial extraction was carried out in soil, plant root and shoot samples. Phytoremediation potential was evaluated in terms of the Biological Concentration Factor, Translocation Factor and Biological Accumulation Coefficient. The detectable content of the heavy metals in soils was Cu:70–179, Pb:8–130, Zn:200–971, Ni:74–296, Co:31–90, Mn:1983–4139, V:165–383, Cr:42–1054, Ba:26–239, Sc:21–56, Al:6.11–9.84, Th:7–22, Sr:30–190, La:52–115, Zr:111–341, Y:10–49, Nb:90–172 in mg kg⁻¹, and Ti:2.73–4.09 and Fe:12–16.24 in wt%. The contamination index revealed that the soils were slightly to heavily contaminated while the geoaccumulation index showed that the soils ranged from unpolluted to highly polluted. The concentration of heavy metals was ranked as Zn > Ni > Cu > V > Mn > Sc > Co > Pb and Cr in the roots and Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Sc > Co > V > Pb > Cr > Fe in the shoots. Dissotis rotundifolia and Kyllinga erecta had phytoextraction potentials for Pb and Paspalum orbiculare for Fe. Eleusine indica and K. erecta had phytostabilisation potential for soils contaminated with Cu and Pb, respectively.

KEY WORDS:

• Cameroon
• Dissotis rotundifolia
• Eleusine indica
• Kyllinga erecta
• Paspalum orbiculare
• heavy metals
• phytoremediation
• weeds

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Corrigendum

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful for the part funding of laboratory analyses from Faculty of Science, University of Buea Research grant awarded to Prof Suh C.E.