The phytoprotective effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Enterolobium contorstisiliquum (Vell.) Morong in soil containing coal-mine tailings

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on pacara earpod tree (Enterolobium contorstisiliquum) growth and phytoprotection in soil containing coal-mining waste. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with three inoculation treatment groups (non-inoculated, inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, and inoculated with Acaulospora colombiana) in two substrates (0 or 30% tailings). After 90 days the seedlings were collected to quantify growth parameters, quality, mycorrhizal root colonization rate, and leaf content of chlorophylls and carotenoids. Macronutrients were quantified in the shoots; Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were measured in the shoots and roots; and glomalin content was measured in the rhizosphere. Colonization by A. colombiana (40%) promoted phytoprotection and better growth in seedlings planted in partial tailing substrate, due to the lower Cu (1.04 mg kg⁻¹) and Zn (13.4 mg kg⁻¹) levels in shoot dry mass and reduced translocation of these elements to the shoots. A. colombiana increased soil glomalin concentrations (2.98 mg kg⁻¹) and the accumulation of nutrients necessary for synthesizing chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaves. Colonization by R. clarus (81%) produced no phytoprotective effects.

KEYWORDS:

• Plant protection
• AMFs
• heavy metals
• pacara earpod tree
• degraded areas

Funding

The authors would like to thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC), the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq), and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for financial support for this study.