Hexagonal map grids – an experimental study on the performance in memory of object locations

ABSTRACT

In various every day contexts, maps are used as media supporting orientation, wayfinding, and navigation tasks. To create highly accurate and reliable maps, cartographers must be aware of cognitive effects that occur when people process map information. Interdisciplinary research from cognitive psychologists showed that map graphics lead to spatial distortions in human spatial memory. These distortions can influence human orientation capacities. Recently, it was discovered that grid structures overlaid on maps help to correct spatial distortions in cognitive representations of geographic space. Square grids chunk a map into smaller units (regions). They guide map-viewing behavior, and their regular structure helps map users to recall learned locations of objects more accurately. The effects caused by square grids may also occur when overlaying other common kinds of geometries, such as hexagonal structures. The effects of hexagonal grid structures on memory of object locations were investigated in this map-experimental study. The study design is based on a recall-memory-paradigm, an established method of experimental psychology to measure performance in memory. The results show that hexagonal grid patterns can improve the performance.

KEYWORDS:

• cognitive cartography
• empirical cartography
• spatial cognition
• spatial memory
• object location memory
• cartographic communication

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to give many thanks to the district government of Cologne (“Bezirksregierung Köln”), for providing the ATKIS® data sets used in this study (now available as open data). Figures 1, 2 and 3 include graphic material derived from ATKIS® Basis-DLM (https://www.bezreg-koeln.nrw.de/brk_internet/geobasis/landschaftsmodelle/basis_dlm/index.html). The data can be used under the “Data licence Germany - attribution - version 2.0” (licence text available at: https://www.govdata.de/

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the German Research Foundation [DFG, DI 771/7-2,DI 771/11-1,KU 2872/4-2,KU 2872/6-1].