DNA Staining in Agarose Gels with ZN²⁺-Cyclen-Pyrene

Abstract

A pyrene-labeled Zn²⁺-cyclen complex for the staining of DNA in agarose gels is reported. The metal chelate coordinates reversibly to the DNA phosphate backbone, which induces the formation of pyrene excimers. The typical pyrene excimer emission is used for the detection of the DNA. Staining is limited to agarose gels and is less sensitive than ethidium bromide, but DNA amounts as low as 10 ng and short DNA strands (∼300 b.p.) are detectable. Gel extraction as a standard technique in molecular biology was successfully performed after staining with Zn²⁺-cyclen-pyrene. Cytotoxicity tests on HeLa and V-79 cells reveal that the zinc-cyclen pyrene probe is significant less toxic compared to ethidium bromide.

Keywords:

• DNA staining
• Zn²⁺-cyclen
• pyrene
• excimer emission

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Petra Unger for kind support with V-79 cell viability tests.