I am grateful to Benjamin Hippen and Ana S. Iltis for helpful suggestions.
Notes
1For space reasons, here I am not distinguishing among different kinds of social science research. Others have made important distinctions between research programs, arguing, for example, that deceptive research or research on non-autonomous adults deserves close oversight (CitationAAUP 2006). Similar distinctions would have to apply to cases in which a power differential was involved, such as a professor interviewing students.