Notes
1. Granted, this view is not universal. Others will freely admit that athletes cannot claim responsibility for their natural gifts and that luck may therefore be a significant factor underlying their success, yet they nonetheless regard this as a perfectly acceptable aspect of competitive sport. Such people, however, will also typically reject FEO as stated by Loland.
2. Although I take it that recognizing the relevance of the spirit of sport for rule-making need not entail a single-minded commitment to the naturalness ideal. While everyone would agree that allowing the use of motorbikes in the Tour de France would contradict the very essence of cycling, since riding a motorbike is clearly incompatible with engaging in the sport of cycling, it is at least not obvious that the same can be said of the use of PEDs.