Self-Awareness and the Regulation of Emotional Intensity

Abstract

People often regulate their feelings by striving for particular emotional states. The self-regulation of emotions should be influenced by self-awareness, which is a primary instigator of self-regulation. Because the outcome of self-regulation depends, in part, on the relevant comparison standards, self-focus will have a flexible effect on emotional intensity depending on the standard. But an earlier view (Scheier & Carver, 1977) argues that self-focused attention will always amplify emotional intensity because self-focus makes emotional states more salient. An experiment tested these different predictions. Participants were pre-selected for extreme emotionality standards: One group felt that emotions should be unregulated, and the other group felt that emotions should be inhibited. All persons were led to feel happy; self-focus was then manipulated using a large mirror. Consistent with the self-regulation view, persons with “inhibition” standards were significantly less happy when highly self-focused. Persons with “no regulation” standards, in contrast, were unaffected by high self-focus; the two groups didn't differ when self-focus was low. Someimplications for the intersection of self-awareness and emotional experience are considered.