Impact of Aging Time on the Dermal Penetration of Phenol in Soil

Phenol is released to soil through accidental spills, manufacturing processes, and waste disposal. With time, chemicals can become more sequestered in soil (aging). Since skin is the body's primary route of entry for phenol, the impact of aging time on the dermal penetration of phenol was assessed in Atsion and Keyport soils. In vitro studies were conducted on dermatomed male pig skin using a flow-through diffusion cell methodology and radiolabeled phenol. After 3 and 6 months of aging in the Atsion soil, dermal penetration decreased from 84% of the initial dose for pure phenol (without soil) to 15% and 8%, respectively, while the dermal penetration of phenol aged in the Keyport soil was reduced to 22% and 17%, respectively. Atsion soil has a higher organic matter content (4.4%) than Keyport soil (1.6%) suggesting that the lower bioavailability of phenol aged in the Atsion soil may be due to the amount of organic matter in that soil. Although the data indicate that the potential health risk from dermal exposure to phenol would be lower after aging in soil than to pure chemical, further experiments are warranted at lower soil loads and with additional concentrations of phenol to quantify the risk.

Keywords:

• Monohydroxybenzene
• skin
• matrix sequestration

Acknowledgments

This research was supported through funding from the Hazardous Substance Management Research Center and the New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology.

Notes

^a Mean ± SEM of η g/cm ² for n = 9–10 replicates per treatment from three pigs.

^b Mean ± SEM of (η g/cm ² of initial dose penetrated divided by η g/cm ² of initial dose applied to skin) ×100.

^c Significantly different from pure phenol (p < 0.05, ANOVA).

^a Mean ± SEM of η g/cm ² for n = 9–10 replicates per treatment from three pigs.

^b Mean ± SEM of (η g/cm ² of initial dose penetrated divided by η g/cm ² of initial dose applied to skin) × 100.

^c Significantly different from pure phenol (p < 0.05, ANOVA).