Influence of the Interactions Between Black Carbon and Soil Constituents on the Sorption of Pyrene

Abstract

Biochar (a kind of black carbon (BC)) has been advocated as a promising additive to farmland, thus it is crucial to understand the influence of BC on the fate of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) when they exist in soil. This study explored the sorption of pyrene onto a BC sample obtained by pyrolyzing pine sawdust, two soils, clay (kaolinite), and the mixtures thereof to investigate the influence of the interactions between BC and soil constituents on the sorption of HOCs and the mechanisms therein. Sorption of pyrene onto soil−BC mixtures was significantly less than that predicted by the sum of the individual soil and BC sorption, indicating that the sorption of pyrene onto soil and BC did not occur independently. The reduction of BC sorption capacity in soil seemed primarily to be caused by soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), which attenuated pyrene sorption onto BC by 18.7%−40.3% (within pyrene equilibrium concentration range of 0.05−0.5 S _w). These were likely due to the blockage of micropores, reduced accessibility of sorption sites, and binding of pyrene by DOM in aqueous solution. In addition to the DOM effect, kaolinite also diminished pyrene sorption onto BC to some extent, which suggested additional interaction between BC and soil particles. Pyrene sorption onto the soil−BC mixtures varied with water content and contact time. The influence of wet versus dry conditions and contact time on the K_oc of pyrene was more obvious when pyrene equilibrium concentrations were lower. The effect of aging also varied with soil properties. In summary, BC could not behave independently in soil, and its sorption capacity was changed by its interactions with soil constituents, which may be influenced by soil properties, environmental condition, and contact time.

Keywords:

• sorption
• pyrene
• black carbon (BC)
• dissolved organic matter (DOM)
• kaolinite

Acknowledgment

This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41225014, 20737002), Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research (RUSD2010-02NMY(C)-Sun), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China.