Evaluation of immune response in challenged chickens vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine using gums from Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis as delivery agents

ABSTRACT

Immune response of challenged chickens following previous vaccinations with Newcastle disease vaccine using gums from Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis as delivery agent were evaluated. Two hundred and fifty-two one-day old chickens were divided into vaccine-gum oral (GVOR), vaccine-gum ocular (GVOC), vaccine oral (VOR), vaccine ocular (VOC), gum oral (GOR), gum ocular (GOC), No-gum-no-vaccine/challenged (NGNV/C), and No-gum-no-vaccine/unchallenged (NGNV/U) groups. They were vaccinated at days 21 & 42 and challenged at day 84. Trachea and intestinal washings were collected at intervals as well as weekly serum samples. These were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for mucosal and systemic IgG response (MA and SA). Statistical analysis was done using Omnibus one-way ANOVA. MA and SA were not different (P > 0.05) post first and second vaccination although gum-vaccine groups were marginally higher post second vaccination. Post Infection (PI), there was an early and sustained spike in both MA and SA for the GV groups especially GVOR (P < 0.05). MA and SA for the Gum alone (especially GOR) groups also spiked PI (P < 0.05). Therefore, phytogenic polymers used could be said to possess immunopotentiating property with a possible induction of immunologic memory mechanism.

KEYWORDS:

• gum
• vaccine
• Newcastle disease
• Cedrela odorata
• Khaya senegalensis
• immune response

Acknowledgment

The authors of this article acknowledge the efforts of CHI Agriculture company, Nigeria for supplying the of chicks for this experiment. Dr. Raymond Zard is also thanked by the first author for his scholarship, as well as clinical, anatomic pathology, and avian medicine laboratory workers and students that assisted with the procedures and processes needed to complete this work.

Funding

The authors also wish to acknowledge funds support from the Center for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses (CCPZ), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, for the Mac Arthur post-graduate research grant awarded towards the laboratory aspect of this work.

Additional information

Funding

The authors also wish to acknowledge funds support from the Center for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses (CCPZ), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, for the Mac Arthur post-graduate research grant awarded towards the laboratory aspect of this work.