The influence of intranasal peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccine administration alone or with phytogenic mucoadhesive delivery system on PPR outbreak outcomes in goats

ABSTRACT

This study reports the influence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccination on the clinico-pathological outcomes of PPR in the face of an outbreak. Twenty-two West African dwarf goats procured for a different study started showing early signs of PPR during acclimatization. In response, PPR vaccine was administered either intranasally with phytogenic mucoadhesive gum (Group A; n = 6) or without gum (Group B; n = 6); subcutaneously (Group C; n = 6) or not vaccinated (Group D; n = 4) and studied for 21 days. The clinical scores, hematology, serology and pathology scores were evaluated. Clinical signs of PPR were present in all groups, presenting a percentage mortality of 33%; 33%; 64% and 100% for Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Polycythemia and mild leukopenia were observed in all groups, and all animals were seropositive by day 7 post-vaccination. The lung consolidation scores were low in Groups A and B, compared to Group C. Histopathological lesions consistent with PPR was observed in the lymphoid organs, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs with the presence of PPR antigen as detected by immunohistochemistry. The findings suggest that intranasal vaccination with or without mucoadhesive gum may influence the outcome of PPR infection more than the subcutaneous route in the face of an outbreak.

KEYWORDS:

• peste des petits ruminants
• intranasal vaccination
• mucoadhesive vaccine delivery
• ppr immunohistochemistry

Declaration of interest

The authors hereby declare that there are no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Nigerian Tertiary Educational Trust Fund (TETFUND) [UN/RC/N/BW/1].