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Abstract
Abstract—The article proposes an efficient tool to characterize the photovoltaic generating systems. The mine blast algorithm is coupled with the proposed tool to define the parameters for commercial real photovoltaic cells. The objective function is adapted to minimize the absolute errors between the experimental measured and calculated current values to accurately estimate the photovoltaic parameters. The experimental, performance, and technical data of the commercial photovoltaic cells of many manufacturers with different photovoltaic types are used to confirm the viability of the proposed method. Both single-diode and double-diode models of solar cells are approached to certify the performance of the proposed methodology. The calculated I-V and P-V characteristics are well matched to measured data with insignificant absolute errors. The study finds that the single-diode equivalent circuit suffices to precisely model the photovoltaic cells. Numerical comparisons to the other competitive heuristic methods consolidate the significance of the proposed mine blast algorithm based method.
NOMENCLATURE
| Dt | = | Euclidean distance between current and previous best mines |
| dt − 1 | = | distance of the thrown shrapnel pieces in each iteration |
| = | band gap energy at reference and working temperatures (eV) | |
| F | = | function value for X |
| G | = | sun irradiance/ insolation (W/m2) |
| IA | = | array output current (A) |
| ID | = | diode or dark current (A) |
| Imp | = | output current at maximum power point (A) |
| Iphoto | = | photo-generated current (A) |
| = | photo-generated current at standard reference condition (A) | |
| Ipv | = | photovoltaic output current (A) |
| Irs1/2 | = | cell reverse saturation currents of diodes (A) |
| = | maximum limit of diode reverse saturation current (A) | |
| ISC | = | short-circuit current (A) |
| = | cell short-circuit current at standard reference condition (A) | |
| k | = | Boltzman constant (1.3806503e–23 J/K) |
| LB | = | lower limits of the problem |
| Mt | = | direction of the thrown shrapnel pieces |
| n1/2 | = | diode non-ideality factors (ranges from 1 to 2) |
| Nd | = | number of design variables |
| nmin, nmax | = | lower and upper limits of diode non-ideality factors |
| NOCT | = | nominal operating cell temperature (°C) |
| NP | = | number of strings in parallel |
| NS | = | number of modules in series |
| q | = | electron charge constant (1.60217646e–19 C) |
| rand(…) | = | uniformly distributed random number between 0 and 1 |
| randn(…) | = | normally distributed pseudorandom number |
| RP | = | shunt resistance (Ω) |
| = | shunt resistance at standard reference condition (Ω) | |
| RS | = | series resistance (Ω) |
| T | = | cell working temperature (°C) |
| Tamb | = | ambient temperature (°C) |
| Tr | = | reference temperature (usually 25°C) |
| UB | = | upper limits of the problem |
| VA | = | array output voltage (V) |
| Vmp | = | output voltage at maximum power point (V) |
| VOC | = | open-circuit voltage (V) |
| Vpv | = | photovoltaic output voltage (V) |
| VT | = | thermal voltage (V) |
| X0 | = | generated first shot point |
| Xt | = | location of exploding mine bomb collided by shrapnel |
| α | = | reduction factor |
| γ | = | cell short-circuit current temperature coefficient (%/K) |
| θ | = | angle of the shrapnel pieces |
| ϑ | = | cell fill factor (%) |
| μ | = | exploration factor |
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Attia El-Fergany
Attia El-Fergany received his B.Sc. (1994), M.Sc. (1998), and Ph.D. (2001) all in electrical power engineering from Zagazig University in Zagazig, Egypt. He has been with University of Zagazig since 1998, presently as an associate professor in electrical power engineering. He has authored or co-authored numerous articles published in international refereed journals and conferences. He has been given many awards for distinct international research publishing from Zagazig University, Egypt. In addition, he delivered numerous five-day short courses to worldwide graduated electrical engineers and participated in many field electrical technical studies. He is a IEEE Senior Member, a member of the PES and Education Society, and a IET Member. His research is concerned with the use of intelligent techniques to optimize operation, planning, and protection of electric power systems.