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Abstract
The increasing complexity of distribution systems requires general, efficient, and large-scale capable methods. This paper proposes a new technique to find the tap positions of step voltage regulators in multiphase load flow solvers in a direct and efficient manner. This is achieved by applying Newton method to the system of equations obtained by using the concept of augmented matrix formulation and adding the constraint equations. This approach allows employing the regulator equations directly. The regulators are modeled by taking into account the line drop compensator circuit with its settings, i.e., the desired voltage level, bandwidth, and R′ and X′ settings, which represent the scaled impedance parameters of the distribution feeder between the regulator and the load center at which the voltage is controlled. The limits of the regulators such as minimum and maximum tap positions are also accounted for. The proposed technique represents a voltage regulator with transformer equations using an augmented matrix formulation. The mismatch equations are developed using the desired voltage setting in constraint equations with transformation ratio of the transformer being the unknown variable. The Jacobian matrix, which is constructed using the augmented matrix formulation, is expanded to hold the constraint equations of voltage regulators. The proposed new method is tested on a variety of test circuits including the large-scale IEEE 8500 Node Test Feeder, and the minimum number of iterations reported in the literature is achieved as presented in this paper.
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Notes on contributors
Baki Cetindag
Baki Cetindag received the B.Sc. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey in 2010, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Polytechnique Montreal, QC, Canada in 2017. His research interests are power system modeling, analysis and simulation.
Ilhan Kocar
Ilhan Kocar Ilhan Kocar received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Polytechnique Montreal, QC, Canada in 2009. He worked as a Project Engineer at Aselsan Electronics Inc. (1998–2004) and as an R&D Engineer at CYME International T&D (2009–2011). He joined the faculty at Polytechnique Montreal in 2011. His focus is on the development of novel concepts, models and methods for the analysis and simulation of power systems in a large spectrum, from steady state to electromagnetic transients. His career highlights include contributions to professional software products, development of solver prototypes and contributions to transient modeling of renewables, transmission lines and cables. He has performed many grid consulting projects that cover modeling, analysis and validation of field measurements.
Assane Gueye
Assane Gueye received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from Polytechnique Montreal, QC, Canada in 2011 and 2014 respectively. He worked as an R&D Engineer at CYME International T&D from 2012 to 2015. He worked as a Project Engineer at SOREM Senegal in 2016. He is currently working as a Utilities Engineer and Energy Manager at Philip Morris International. His research interest are power system modeling, analysis and energy efficiency optimization in factories.
Ulas Karaagac
Ulas Karaagac received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical and electronics engineering from the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey in 1999 and 2002 respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Polytechnique Montreal, Canada in 2011. He was an R&D engineer at Information Technology and Electronics Research Institute (BILTEN) of the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), from 1999 to 2007. He was also a postdoctoral fellow at Polytechnique Montreal from 2011 to 2013 and research associate from 2013 to 2016. He is currently Research Assistant Professor in the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. His research areas include integration of large scale renewables into power grids, modeling and simulation of large scale power systems, and power system dynamics and control.