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Abstract
This paper presents an active instrumentation approach for distributed generation systems. The basic inherent tasks of such active instrumentation are (1) measurement, (2) control, (3) operation, (4) monitoring, and (5) correction of undesirable power quality issues in response to power parameters deviations, with the particularity of presenting the control scheme flexible and easy-to-adapt to new grid codes. The technology discussed in this paper is an approach to improve the life-cycle cost applied to distributed generation systems for instrumentation and monitoring in smart grids. It is based on designing an intelligent instrument to achieve the highest performance, to allow for flexibility in generating data suitable for each destination, to involve validation for the credibility of operation, and to adapt itself to new grid codes. Such intelligent power instruments are implemented with knowledge of measurement processes, their variables, and parameters, with a response to the universe of data that must be monitored and controlled. Also, the active instrumentation performs efficient, reliable, and safe operation of distributed power plants enhancing the power quality and economy. Such approach is based on triple loop control, and it can be expanded to any distributed generators ranging from grid-feeding to grid-supporting, whether using current-based or voltage-based control schemes ensuring immunity against power line impedances change without the previous knowledge of their values. This approach in instrumentation, i.e., ACTSENSOR Power Instrument is thoroughly described and analyzed by simulation results developed in the MatLab platform. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation through Typhoon HIL is used to validate its control, and experimental results validate its dynamic during transition between grid-connected and islanded modes.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Danilo I. Brandao
Danilo I. Brandao received the Dr. degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Campinas, Brazil, in 2015. He was a visiting scholar at Colorado School of Mines, USA, in 2009 and 2013, at University of Padova, Italy, in 2014 and a guess professor at Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway, from December 2017 to March 2018. He is currently assistant professor at Federal University of Minas Gerais with the Department of Electrical Engineering (DEE) and with the Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering (PPGEE). Mr. Brandao is a member of the Brazilian Power Electronics Society and IEEE. His main research interests are control of grid-tied converters, power quality, and microgrid.
Marcelo G. Simões
Marcelo G. Simões received a B.Sc. degree from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, an M.Sc. degree from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, and a Ph.D. degree from The University of Tennessee, USA in 1985, 1990, and 1995, respectively. He received his D.Sc. degree (Livre-Docência) from the University of São Paulo in 1998. Dr. Simões was an US Fulbright Fellow for AY 2014-15, working for Aalborg University, Institute of Energy Technology (Denmark). He has been elevated to the grade of IEEE Fellow, Class of 2016, with the citation: “for applications of artificial intelligence in control of power electronics systems.” Dr. Simões is a member of the IEEE. His current research interests intersect the areas of power electronics, power systems, power quality, smart-grid, and renewable energy systems.
Felix A. Farret
Felix A. Farret Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering by the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), respectively, in 1972 and 1976; Specialist in electronic instrumentation at the Osaka Prefectural Industrial Research Institute, Japan, 1975; MSc from the University of Manchester, England, 1981, PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of London, England, 1984 and followed a postdoctoral-program on alternative energy sources at the Colorado School of Mines, 2003. He worked as an operation and maintenance engineer at CEEE Power Company-RS, Brazil, 1973/1974. He was a visiting professor at the Colorado School of Mines in the Engineering Division, USA, 2002/2003. He is IEEE member and published more than 190 articles in international congresses and journals and several books related to renewable sources of energy, electronic instrumentation and induction generators and research interests in industrial applications of alternative sources including fuel cells, hydroelectricity, wind power, photovoltaic, surface geothermal energy, and storage applications.
Hélio M. A. Antunes
Hélio M. A. Antunes received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil, in 2006 and received Master’s degree from the Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES) in 2009. He has been a professor in Electrical Engineering Departament of UFES since 2010. He received the Dr. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil, in 2018. Mr. Antunes is a member of the IEEE. His areas of interest are microgrids, power quality, power electronics, hardware-in-the-loop, and electrical systems.
Sidelmo M. Silva
Sidelmo M. Silva graduated in Electrical Engineering (with a gold medal for the highest GPA), in 1997, and received the Master and Doctor degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil, in 1997, 1999, and 2003, respectively. From October 2001 to August 2002, he was with the Development Department of ABB Switzerland, Turgi, as a System and Controls Engineer. Sidelmo M. Silva is currently an Associate Professor at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. From August 2017 to August 2018 Mr. Silva was a visiting professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, EUA. His research interests include power quality, applications of power electronics in electric power systems, microgrids, and renewable energy generation.